<i>Evaluation of a Portable Box-Bag for Field Testing of Pulmonary Diffusion</i>

Shephard, Roy J.; Carey, G. C. R.; Phair, John J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1958.12.1.79

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, the original portable fractional uptake method has proved so successful in field use (Shephard et al 1958) While it is now well recognized that the diffusing capacity is not a constant, it still seems to many a less nebulous and variable quantity than the fractional CO uptake. Direct comparison of several methods of measuring diffusing capacity and fractional uptake in the present group of subjects suggests that the advantage is more apparent than real-indeed the simplest type of portable box-bag will give values for the fractional uptake (corrected to a standard tidal volume) that are if anything more reproducible than the breathholding Dco figures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Breath‐holding’ measurement of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Comparison of a field test with steadystate and other methods of measurement

Shephard¹

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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decided to investigate the potentialities of the breath-holding method as a portable field test. A special version of the portable box-bag with enlarged bellows and electric kymograph was developed for this purpose, and the opportunity was taken to make (1) a critical examination of certain variables affecting the breath-holding technique, and (2) a comparison of the consistency of breath-holding results with other methods, field and laboratory, for the measurement of pulmonary diffusing capacity. METHODSPortable breath-holding apparatus. A standard portable box-bag has been modified by the fitting of a larger bellows (4.5 1. capacity) and high-speed electric kymograph. The apparatus is still highly portable, weighing no.more than 5-5 kg, although it has been necessary to increase the vertical height to about 80 cm. The technique is essentially that of Forster et al. (1954). The patient takes a few normal breaths from the outer compartment of the box. As soon as a steady respiratory level is reached he is asked to make a maximum expiration, and then inspires the test mixture (12 % He and 0.1 % CO in air) from the inspirate bag. After breath-holding, the subject makes a rapid, deep expiration, all but the first 750 ml. being collected in the expirate bag. After mixing with a 100 ml. glass syringe, samples are returned to the laboratory in special sampling bottles (Carey et al. 1957) for He and CO analysis. The standard formula (Ogilvie et al. 1957) is

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Portable box-bags. The original portable box-bag (Model I) has been described in detail elsewhere (Carey et al 1957;Shephard et al 1958). The subject breathes a mixture of 12 % He and 0.1 % CO for a period of 1 min, and analysis of inspirate and expirate bags allows the calculation of fractional CO uptake.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Breath‐holding’ measurement of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Comparison of a field test with steadystate and other methods of measurement

Shephard¹

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Mean values of the FUco for small numbers of normal subjects have been published by several authors (Bates, 1952;Marks et al, 1957;Shephard, Carey, and Phair, 1958;MacNamara et al, 1959;Woolf, 1964;Woolf, 1965). Mean values of the FUco during exercise for 298 normal women have been published by Woolf and Suero (1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional carbon monoxide uptake in an employed population

Stebbings

1974

Thorax

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Minnesota 55455, USA Stebbings, J. H. (1974). Thorax, 29,[505][506][507][508][509][510] The fractional carbon monoxide uptake has been suggested as a useful index of pulmonary diffusing capacity in clinical evaluations, in respiratory screening programmes, and in epidemiological studies (Bates, Macklem, and Christie, 1971;Lacoste, 1971Lacoste, , 1972. The study reported on here was designed to evaluate this, to establish normal values, and to determine the effects of cigarette smoking. SUBJECTSA survey of the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease was carried out in New York City Transit Authority workers between November 1961 and August 1963. A total of 7,974 workers with job titles of motorman, surface line operator, and surface line dispatcher were studied. Details of the survey and results are given by Densen, Jones, Bass, and Breuer (1967), Densen et al. (1969), andStebbings (1972;.From the workers surveyed approximately 2,000 were selected for a five-year follow-up study which was carried out between June 1964 and June 1969. Criteria for selection for the follow-up study were complex and depended upon the smoking histories, ages, one-second forced expiratory volumes, and symptoms of the indivi- duals (Densen, Jones, and Bass, 1965). The majority of individuals in the follow-up study may be considered as a random sample of the surveyed transit workers; among the remainder there was an excess of both nonsmokers and heavy smokers, and among smokers there was an excess of individuals with either high or low one-second forced expiratory volumes or severe or absent respiratory symptoms. An analysis of the effect of lack of random selection of the follow-up population upon the results of this paper will be presented below. The fractional carbon monoxide uptake was measured at only one of the three clinic sites in Brooklyn and Manhattan utilized in the follow-up study. A total of 913 individuals had at least one fractional CO uptake test, but it is not known what fraction of the respondents attending the one clinic this represents. For all three clinics combined, 89-8 % of the defined follow-up population received at least one examination. The analyses presented in this paper are based on these 913 individuals, or upon a subset of 581 of the 913 who had two or more tests of their fractional CO uptake during the five-year study period.METHODS Respondents were interviewed and examined in most cases immediately following their annual (if over 50 years of age) or biannual (if younger) Transit Authority physical examination. An intensive effort was made to induce retirees, ex-employees, and those not scheduled 505

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