Eugenia dysentericaDC. (Myrtaceae) exerts chemopreventive effects against hexavalent chromium-induced damagein vitroandin vivo

Abstract

Context: Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) has been widely used in the folk medicine and it presents phytochemicals constituents associated to antioxidant properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. dysenterica leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EDE) in vitro and in vivo using AMJ2-C11 cells and Swiss mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], respectively. Materials and methods: AMJ2-C11 cells were pretreated with EDE and exposed to Cr(VI) to evaluate cytotoxicity and the pathways involved in the chemopreventive effects of the extract. Mice were daily pretreated with EDE and then exposed to Cr(VI). Survival analysis, histopathological examination and determination of Cr levels in biological tissues were carried out. Results: In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of the AMJ2-C11 cells with EDE protected against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI). Consequently, the pretreatment with EDE reduced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis triggered by Cr(VI), probably by a marked antioxidant and chelating activities demonstrated by EDE. Regarding in vivo studies, pretreatment for 10 days with EDE increased survival of the mice exposed to Cr(VI). In addition, EDE prevented liver and kidney pathological damages, in parallel with reduction in chromium levels found in these organs and plasma. EDE also showed a marked antioxidant potential associated with the presence of polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins, as confirmed by HPLC-PDA. Conclusion: The study showed that EDE protects against Cr(VI)-induced damage in vitro and in vivo supporting further studies for the development of therapeutic products applied to prevent the damage induced by toxic metals, especially Cr(VI).

4-Nerolidylcatechol: apoptosis by mitochondrial mechanisms with reduction in cyclin D1 at G0/G1 stage of the chronic myelogenous K562 cell line

“…Based on the protocol described by Ávila et al. ( 2016 ), intracellular ROS production was measured by using a fluorimetric probe, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), which can be hydrolyzed to 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) by intracellular esterases when the cells take it up. DCFH is reactive with ROS to give a new highly fluorescent compound, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), which can be detected by a flow cytometer.…”

Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update

“…Pretreatment of AMJ2C11 cells with EDE protected cells against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI). 71 N -acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used for the assessment of the role of ROS in various biological processes. 72 Luczak and Zhitkovich checked chemoprotection by the antioxidant NAC against Cr(VI) in human lung H460 cells.…”

“…The antioxidant capability of EDE might be due to the presence of polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins, as confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array. 71 …”

Potassium Dichromate-Induced Hepato- and Hematotoxicity in Rats: Nutritive Composition and Ameliorative Role of Acacia nilotica L. Leaf

“…The liver is the biotransformation site of xenobiotics, making it the major target for toxicants where they can be transformed to less or more toxic intermediates (29). K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is a hexavalent form of Cr and has been reported to induce toxicity to organs, notably the liver, at various routes and doses (30,31). Serum enzyme activity is an important pointer for detecting damage to organs and tissues in addition to the severity of the injury.…”