I Étude archéologique

Mordant, Daniel; Mordant, Claude

doi:10.3406/galip.1977.1559

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Even though there are still few exhaustive analyses of wooden artefacts from the Early Mesolithic, pine was commonly used for woodworking, to produce handles, shafts, bows, arrows, domestic implements and dug-out canoes (Mordant & Mordant 1987; Gramsch 1991, 2016; Beuker & Niekus 1997; Mertens 2000; Ošibkina 2007; Junkmanns 2013). This also seems to be the case at Krzyż, where around 90 per cent of the worked or possibly worked wood fragments identified so far are of Scots pine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedient and efficient: an Early Mesolithic composite implement from Krzyż Wielkopolski

et al. 2023

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The Northern European Mesolithic is well known for the manufacture of composite tools and weapons for specialised purposes. A composite implement recovered from the Early Holocene site of Krzyż Wielkopolski 7 in Poland, dated to the Preboreal/Boreal transition, raises questions about expediency versus efficiency in the fabrication of these artefacts. Here, the authors characterise its materials and production: a bone splinter mounted on a shaft of pine wood, secured with bast ligatures coated in birch bark tar. While the manufacture of the implement's individual components can be characterised as ‘expedient’, the finished implement is, however, complex, efficient and durable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expedient and efficient: an Early Mesolithic composite implement from Krzyż Wielkopolski

et al. 2023

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“…The largest finds of groups of wheel shaped pendants are the by now famous and much discussed 41 pendants of Kanalski Vrh 22 and the group of 41 (plus one fragment) wheel shaped pendants of the hoard from Villethierry. 19 However, large groups were found also in Southern Germany, at Gru ¨nwald, grave 1, with 15 such pendants, 24 and at Gammertingen, with 11 pendants. 25 At Velem-Szentviden in Hungary, a further large group of 13 wheel shaped pendants with different shapes was found.…”

Section: Early Objects Made Of High Tin Bronzementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Because of their shape and composition, the wheel shaped items from the necropolis of Madonna del Piano-Mulino della Badia resemble very closely the wheel shaped pendants often found in the period between the Middle Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age in the wide area around the Alps, in France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia and Northern Italy. [19][20][21][22] Two fragments of wheel shaped pendants from the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region have recently been analysed in the course of an important local research project 23 and were the items with the highest tin percentage in the alloy in a group of ,600 objects. Their surface shows the characteristic enrichment due to segregation, certainly partly increased also by the preferential corrosion of copper rich phases (Fig.…”

Section: Early Objects Made Of High Tin Bronzementioning

confidence: 99%

Tin rich layers on ancient copper based objects

Giumlía-Mair¹

2005

Surface Engineering

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A number of archaeological copper based objects, presenting tin rich layers on the surface, dated to different periods and coming from very different geographical contexts in the Ancient World, are discussed in this paper. The different reasons for the presence of tin rich layers on the surface of ancient items have been discussed before. However, new analyses of archaeological objects now offer data on the early use of tinning, on the use of high tin alloys for distinctive objects in the Bronze Age and of the use of special surface treatments employed in antiquity, which might give new insights into the early history of metallurgy and new elements for the identification of trade routes. A surface treatment, possibly employed in Roman times, is also discussed.

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“…Trampuz ˇ-Orel suggested 24 that the ore deposits from which this metal was extracted might be the mines of polymetallic ores, in the so called Grauwackenzone in the Eastern Alps, where important prehistoric mines, such as the Mitterberg mine, or the ones in the Schladming and Liezen areas, were located. 25,26 Several hoards including this kind of pendants have been found all over Europe, but they are more common in the area around the Alps: the best known and thoroughly studied group is that from Kanalski Vrh in Slovenia, 23,24,27 but important hoards are also those from Villethierry in France, 28 from Gru ¨nwald 29 and Gammertingen 30 both in Southern Germany, from Thunau am Kamp in Austria, 31 and from Velem-Szentviden in Hungary. 32 A recent discovery is that of the hoard from Chiusa di Pesio (Cuneo) in the Italian region of Piedmont where, among many other items, a group of around 50 wheel pendants came to light.…”

Section: Wheel Pendantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metal of the moon goddess

Giumlía-Mair¹

2008

Surface Engineering

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Arsenical copper was widely used in the Early Bronze Age, but it was not employed after the introduction of copper-tin alloys in the period around the Middle Bronze Age.Nevertheless the present research showed that a few ornamental objects of particular kind were made of a copper alloy with a silvery surface, containing arsenic, antimony and often some cobalt and nickel still in the Final Bronze Age and in the Iron Age. This alloy is very fragile and can only be cast, it is very difficult to cut and file and shows a characteristic silvery surface.The shiny and silvery grey colour of these objects is due to a segregation phenomenon. During the slow cooling of the metal the As rich a and c compound (eutectic) is pushed to the surface through feeders which look like filaments running into the metal body and forms the typical silvery grey layer. The microstructure of the eutectic shows a solid solution phase a and a compound c, containing 29?65 As (Cu 3 As). The eutectic can develop already with 1-2% of As in the alloy.Ornamental objects made of this distinctive and beautiful material were worn by women who had special powers and exceptional functions in the society of the time and were connected with the cult of the moon and fertility goddess.

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I Étude archéologique

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Expedient and efficient: an Early Mesolithic composite implement from Krzyż Wielkopolski

Expedient and efficient: an Early Mesolithic composite implement from Krzyż Wielkopolski

Tin rich layers on ancient copper based objects

The metal of the moon goddess

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