Escherichia coli Pathobionts Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

SUMMARYGut bacteria play a key role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process in the gut tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, by supplying antigens or other stimulatory factors that trigger immune cell activation. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota in IBD patients compared to that in healthy controls and a reduced diversity of intestinal microbial species are linked to the pathogenesis of IBD. Adherent invasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) has been linked to Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, while diffusely adherentE. coli(DAEC) has been associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Bacteriological analysis of intestinal biopsy specimens and fecal samples from IBD patients shows an increased number ofE. colistrains belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group, which are typically known as extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). Results from studies of both cell cultures and animal models reveal pathogenic features of theseE. colipathobionts, which may link them to IBD pathogenesis. This suggests that IBD-associatedE. colistrains play a facilitative role during IBD flares. In this review, we explain IBD-associatedE. coliand its role in IBD pathogenesis.

Obacunone Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Attenuating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Cascades, and Improving Disrupted Epithelial Barriers

“…Although the exact cause of UC remains unclear, accumulating evidence has indicated that interaction between mucosal immunity and gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of UC (Yue et al, 2019). Additionally, clinical studies have indicated that the composition of three major phyla of bacteria present in the gut microbiota of UC patients is disturbed, with a decrease in the proportion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase in that of Proteobacteria (Matsuoka and Kanai, 2015;Mirsepasi-Lauridsen et al, 2019). Administration of antibacterial agents and probiotics in UC patients has suggested that the gut microbiota does play a role in the onset of UC (Sokol, 2014).…”

Development of an Index Score for Intestinal Inflammation-Associated Dysbiosis Using Real-World Stool Test Results

“…Additionally, fecal levels of several commensal bacteria, including Veillonella spp., E. coli, and Fusobacterium spp., were positively associated with inflammation biomarkers in the current study. All of those bacteria were considered as invasive [38][39][40], and high levels were reported previously in IBD patients [23,28,31,33,[41][42][43][44][45]. Changes in Prevotella spp.…”

Predictors of Growth of Escherichia Coli on Lab Coats as Part of Hospital-Acquired Infection Transmission Through Healthcare Personnel Attire

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