<i>Escherichia coli</i> O157[ratio   ]H7 infection of calves: infectious dose and direct contact transmission

Besser, Thomas E.; Richards, B. L.; Rice, Daniel H.; Hancock, Dale D.

doi:10.1017/s095026880100615x

Cited by 123 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Mature ruminants are considered a reservoir for O157 and non-O157 STECs, with the amount and duration of shedding related to exposure dose [30,31], age [32] and mucosal factors [33]. Despite this information, it is unclear why one animal becomes infected while another does not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Haemorrhagic Enteritis in Dairy Goats and the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications in Alleviating Morbidity and Production Losses

Baines¹,

Turkington²,

Kuldau³

et al. 2012

Fungal Genom Biol

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The present study aims to investigate whether the disease complex for Haemorrhagic Enteritis (HE) in goats during the winter months is the same as described for Jejunal Haemorrhage Syndrome (JHS) in cattle. The further goal is to determine whether prebiotic and probiotic management strategies developed for JHS in cattle alleviate HE in goats. The clinical, necropsy and microbiologic findings were evaluated for goat cases during a natural HE outbreak. Bacterial pathogens were identified using selective media, biochemical tests, latex agglutination tests and DNA microarray. Feed components were evaluated for mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Common clinical signs included stary look, grinding of teeth, an odd twisting of the neck when standing, hind-limb paralysis, rumen stasis, no faecal pellets, profuse drooling and a 50% drop in milk production. A prebiotic/probiotic treatment resolved the symptoms in 14 of 28 goats, but new cases continued to develop. The most common morphologic diagnosis at necropsy was severe jejunitis with intraluminal haemorrhage or blood clots confirming HE. The corn silage contained mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. There were mixtures of Shiga toxin -producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from the jejunum. The probiotic and prebiotic acted as anti-adhesive agents for STEC colonization in vitro. The prebiotic also acted as a mycotoxin binder in vitro. Removing the mouldy corn silage stopped the mycotoxicosis, but did not correct production losses. Adding a prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased milk production and body condition, but also decreased somatic cell counts. Results confirm that the disease complex for HE in dairy goats consuming mouldy feeds includes mycotoxins and STEC infection. The study also supports the use of prebiotics and probiotics to alleviate the morbidity and production losses associated with the mycotoxicosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Haemorrhagic Enteritis in Dairy Goats and the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications in Alleviating Morbidity and Production Losses

Baines¹,

Turkington²,

Kuldau³

et al. 2012

Fungal Genom Biol

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“…Like humans, cattle are exposed to STEC through contaminated food and water or by exposure to the feces of other animals shedding the organism. The infectious dose in cattle is estimated to be as low as 300 CFU (7). STEC colonization in cattle is usually asymptomatic due to the absence of vascular receptors for Shiga toxins (8).…”

Section: Animal Species Of Importance In the Epidemiology Of Stec Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Reservoirs of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli

2014

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains have been detected in a wide diversity of mammals, birds, fish, and several insects. Carriage by most animals is asymptomatic, thus allowing for dissemination of the bacterium in the environment without detection. Replication of the organism may occur in the gastrointestinal tract of some animals, notably ruminants. Carriage may also be passive or transient, without significant amplification of bacterial numbers while in the animal host. Animals may be classified as reservoir species, spillover hosts, or dead-end hosts. This classification is based on the animal's ability to (i) transmit STEC to other animal species and (ii) maintain STEC infection in the absence of continuous exposure. Animal reservoirs are able to maintain STEC infections in the absence of continuous STEC exposure and transmit infection to other species. Spillover hosts, although capable of transmitting STEC to other animals, are unable to maintain infection in the absence of repeated exposure. The large diversity of reservoir and spillover host species and the survival of the organism in environmental niches result in complex pathways of transmission that are difficult to interrupt.

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“…Therefore, heifers on the pasture became infected or reinfected with the organisms from various environmental sources. Changes in diet may also have contributed to the seasonal variations in the prevalence of EHEC O157 [1,17]. It is hypothesized that diets high in nutrients and low in fiber induce a lower incidence of transmission and/or shedding EHEC O157 but do not clear the organisms from the intestines.…”

Section: Isolation and Prevalence Of Ehec O157 From Faeces Of Heifersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

Ezawa

Gocho

Saitoh

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A long-term study was performed on the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in bovine faeces. The present study was conducted on heifers raised on a farm showing a high isolation rate of EHEC O157 in previous years. The p revalence of EHEC O157 isolated from faecal samples was 10.6% (222/2104), 5.6% (181/3225), and 5.6% (153/2744) from 1998 to 2000, respectively. The numbers of EHEC O157-positive heifers for the same 3 years were 46.3% (185/400), 36.8% (147/399), and 31.7% (130/410), respectively. The seasonal prevalence of EHEC O157 varied according to the year. Most positive heifers excreted the EHEC O157 only once during the survey, though it was excreted 2 or 3 times by some heifers. The results obtained in the present study showed that the farm examined was heavily contaminated with EHEC O157. It is assumed that EHEC O157 does not remain in individual catt le long-term, but does exist long-term on farms due to repeated infection.

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Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infection of calves: infectious dose and direct contact transmission

Cited by 123 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of Haemorrhagic Enteritis in Dairy Goats and the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications in Alleviating Morbidity and Production Losses

Characterization of Haemorrhagic Enteritis in Dairy Goats and the Effectiveness of Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications in Alleviating Morbidity and Production Losses

Animal Reservoirs of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

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