<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 in Feral Swine near Spinach Fields and Cattle, Central California Coast1

Jay, Michele T.; Cooley, Michael B.; Carychao, Diana; Wiscomb, Gerald W.; Sweitzer, Richard A.; Crawford-Miksza, Leta; Farrar, Jeffrey A.; Lau, David K.; O’Connell, Janice; Millington, Anne; Asmundson, R. V.; Atwill, Edward R.; Mandrell, Robert E.

doi:10.3201/eid1312.070763

Cited by 376 publications

(290 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, whereas E. coli O157:H7 was detected in <2% of bird, deer/elk, and feral pig samples across 50 studies worldwide (15), detection rates were higher in the Central Coast region (22%, 3.4%, and 4.7%, respectively) (12). These higher rates suggest that wildlife could potentially vector E. coli onto farm fields (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although the originating strain was isolated from multiple sources (6), no definitive cause of the outbreak could be determined (7); however, one identified source was feral pig feces, which contributed to strong industry and regulatory pressure on Central Coast growers to mitigate wildlife intrusion onto their farm fields. Numerous growers erected wildlife fences, deployed rodent traps, and cleared noncrop vegetation (8,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In 2006, a deadly multistate Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in bagged spinach that sickened 205 people and killed 3 people was traced back to a farm in California's Central Coast region (6). Although the originating strain was isolated from multiple sources (6), no definitive cause of the outbreak could be determined (7); however, one identified source was feral pig feces, which contributed to strong industry and regulatory pressure on Central Coast growers to mitigate wildlife intrusion onto their farm fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Karp

Gennet

Kilonzo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In 2006, a deadly Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in bagged spinach was traced to California's Central Coast region, where >70% of the salad vegetables sold in the United States are produced. Although no definitive cause for the outbreak could be determined, wildlife was implicated as a disease vector. Growers were subsequently pressured to minimize the intrusion of wildlife onto their farm fields by removing surrounding noncrop vegetation. How vegetation removal actually affects foodborne pathogens remains unknown, however. We combined a fine-scale land use map with three datasets comprising ∼250,000 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), generic E. coli, and Salmonella tests in produce, irrigation water, and rodents to quantify whether seminatural vegetation surrounding farmland is associated with foodborne pathogen prevalence in California's Central Coast region. We found that EHEC in fresh produce increased by more than an order of magnitude from 2007 to 2013, despite extensive vegetation clearing at farm field margins. Furthermore, although EHEC prevalence in produce was highest on farms near areas suitable for livestock grazing, we found no evidence of increased EHEC, generic E. coli, or Salmonella near nongrazed, seminatural areas. Rather, pathogen prevalence increased the most on farms where noncrop vegetation was removed, calling into question reforms that promote vegetation removal to improve food safety. These results suggest a path forward for comanaging fresh produce farms for food safety and environmental quality, as federal food safety reforms spread across ∼4.5 M acres of US farmland.agriculture | biodiversity | disease ecology | E. coli | foodborne pathogens

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Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Karp

Gennet

Kilonzo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Proximity of animal production to fresh produce fields has often been associated with foodborne outbreaks. Pathogens can be transferred to the fresh produce within a mixed animal/produce farm (Hilborn et al, 1999;Mshar et al, 1997) and at a wider scale after transport by water (Soderstrom et al, 2008) or wild life (Jay et al, 2007). Safety of fresh produce is presumably easier to control in areas with no, or little, animal production, although areas free of contamination from livestock reservoirs may be difficult to define.…”

Section: Farm Animals and Produce Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: Trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability

Nguyen-Thé

Bardin²,

Bérard

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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(2016). Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability.Science of the Total Environment, 562, 751-759. H I G H L I G H T S• Measures taken to improve safety were assessed for their impact on sustainability.• Fresh produce safety improvements may come at the expense of sustainability.• Environment, food security and human health constituted the three domains of sustainability.• Measures to improve safety should be adapted to each agrifood system. Fresh produce has been a growing cause of food borne outbreaks world-wide prompting the need for safer production practices. Yet fresh produce agrifood systems are diverse and under constraints for more sustainability. We analyze how measures taken to guarantee safety interact with other objectives for sustainability, in light of the diversity of fresh produce agrifood systems. The review is based on the publications at the interface between fresh produce safety and sustainability, with sustainability defined by low environmental impacts, food and nutrition security and healthy life. The paths for more sustainable fresh produce are diverse. They include an increased use of ecosystem services to e.g. favor predators of pests, or to reduce impact of floods, to reduce soil erosion, or to purify run-off waters. In contrast, they also include production systems isolated from the environment. From a socio-economical view, sustainability may imply maintaining small tenures with a higher risk of pathogen contamination. We analyzed the consequences for produce safety by focusing on risks of contamination by water, soil, environment and live stocks. Climate change may increase the constraints and recent knowledge on interactions between produce and human pathogens may bring new solutions. Existing technologies may suffice to resolve some conflicts between ensuring safety of fresh produce and moving towards more sustainability. However, socio-economic constraints of some agri-food systems may prevent their implementation. In addition, current strategies to preserve produce safety are not adapted to systems relying on ecological principles and knowledge is lacking to develop the new risk management approaches that would be needed. G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o

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“…They have been implicated in 3 outbreaks of swine brucellosis in domestic herds (Feral Swine Subcommittee on Brucellosis and Pseudorabies 2005), and also play an important role in human health pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Jay et al 2007). The domestic swine industry is dominated by operations with some level of biosecurity (Witmer et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Movement and habitat use of feral swine near domestic swine facilities

Wyckoff

Henke

Campbell

et al. 2012

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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Feral swine (Sus scrofa), a successful invasive species in the United States, have established growing populations in 38 states and are a reservoir of diseases important to domestic swine. An understanding of habitat use and movements is important for the prevention of disease transmission between feral and domestic swine. To assess risk posed to neighboring domestic swine facilities in East and South Texas, we determined habitat use and movement patterns of feral swine within 10 miles of domestic swine facilities, identified similarities in habitat preferences and vegetation types directly surrounding facilities, assessed effects of wet and dry conditions on general habitat use, and determined whether landscape features such as corridors or boundaries influenced movements across utilized habitats. Kernel area values (95% isopleths) for wet and dry periods were different (F2,16 = 6.38, P = 0.005) between East and South Texas. Feral swine preferred habitat characteristics commonly found surrounding domestic swine facilities. Feral swine also demonstrated disproportionate use of specific vegetation types as compared to availability during both wet and dry periods. Additionally, the presence of paved, 2‐lane roads influenced movements of feral swine. The new knowledge of habitat use and landscape movements we present can be used for more efficient application of targeted management and eradication strategies near domestic swine facilities, particularly in emergency situations such as disease outbreaks. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Escherichia coliO157:H7 in Feral Swine near Spinach Fields and Cattle, Central California Coast1

Cited by 376 publications

References 13 publications

Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Agrifood systems and the microbial safety of fresh produce: Trade-offs in the wake of increased sustainability

Movement and habitat use of feral swine near domestic swine facilities

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