<i>Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae</i>contamination in the poultry house environment during erysipelas outbreaks in organic laying hen flocks

Eriksson, Helena; Bagge, Elisabeth; Båverud, Viveca; Fellström, Claes; Jansson, Désirée S.

doi:10.1080/03079457.2014.907485

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…We found the agreement between culture and qPCR to be inconsistent for samples tested using both methods (Table 1). Factors such as long-term sample storage (Eriksson et al, 2014), suboptimal transport conditions, bacterial concentration and viability, or the presence of inhibitory substances for qPCR could all differentially influence the sensitivity of culture and qPCR. Finally, the sensitivity of qPCR and culture for detecting asymptomatic carriers is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

et al. 2016

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Northern ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented ecological change, largely driven by a rapidly changing climate. Pathogen range expansion, and emergence and altered patterns of infectious disease, are increasingly reported in wildlife at high latitudes. Understanding the causes and consequences of shifting pathogen diversity and host-pathogen interactions in these ecosystems is important for wildlife conservation, and for indigenous populations that depend on wildlife. Among the key questions are whether disease events are associated with endemic or recently introduced pathogens, and whether emerging strains are spreading throughout the region. In this study, we used a phylogenomic approach to address these questions of pathogen endemicity and spread for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, an opportunistic multi-host bacterial pathogen associated with recent mortalities in arctic and boreal ungulate populations in North America. We isolated E. rhusiopathiae from carcasses associated with large-scale die-offs of muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and from contemporaneous mortality events and/or population declines among muskoxen in northwestern Alaska and caribou and moose in western Canada. Bacterial genomic diversity differed markedly among these locations; minimal divergence was present among isolates from muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic, while in caribou and moose populations, strains from highly divergent clades were isolated from the same location, or even from within a single carcass. These results indicate that mortalities among northern ungulates are not associated with a single emerging strain of E. rhusiopathiae, and that alternate hypotheses need to be explored. Our study illustrates the value and limitations of bacterial genomic data for discriminating between ecological hypotheses of disease emergence, and highlights the importance of studying emerging pathogens within the broader context of environmental and host factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

et al. 2016

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“…DNA was extracted from the samples by the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit ® (spin column protocol for purification of total DNA from animal tissues) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primers ER1 and ER2 [ 32 ] were used to detect a 937 bp fragment of ER as previously described [ 33 ]. The templates were analyzed at 1:1 and 1:10 concentrations, and reactions were duplicated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates

et al. 2015

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BackgroundOrganic pig production is expanding and amongst the objectives of organic farming are enhancing animal health and welfare. However, some studies have reported a higher prevalence of lameness and joint condemnation at slaughter in free-range/organic pigs than in conventionally raised pigs. Organic slaughter pigs have free-range housing in which indoor and outdoor access is compulsory, while in conventional farming the pigs are commonly confined to indoor pens. The present study evaluated the effects of free-range and confined housing on lameness prevalence in a herd of 106 finisher pigs, and whether osteochondrosis and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae associated arthritis influences these effects. We also evaluated the association between clinical lameness during the rearing period and joint condemnations at slaughter.ResultsSeventy free-range and 36 confined housed fattener pigs were scored for their gait twice during the rearing period and 848 joints were evaluated post mortem. Osteochondrosis was more frequent among free-range than confined pigs (P < 0.05), and when present it was also more severe (P < 0.001). Pigs with more numerous and more severe osteochondral lesions had their gait affected more than did pigs with fewer such lesions (P < 0.05). Hence it was a paradox that we did not detect more lameness among the free-range pigs than the confined pigs. E. rhusiopathiae associated arthritis was not diagnosed. The association between gait remarks/clinical lameness and joint condemnations at slaughter was not significant.ConclusionsThe results indicate that free-range housing may have both positive and negative effects on locomotory traits. Free-range pigs may be less clinically affected by osteochondrosis than are confined pigs. One explanation for this effect may be strengthening of joint supportive tissue and pain relief promoted by exercise. Visual gait scoring missed serious joint lesions that probably were harmful to the pigs, and should therefore not be used as a sole indicator of joint/leg health in welfare inspection of pigs. The association between gait scores and joint condemnation appeared to be poor. This study was limited to one herd, and so more and larger studies on the effects of free-range housing on lameness severity and osteochondrosis development in pigs are recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0154-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…These non-pathogenic bacteria are commonly isolated from healthy swine and poultry as well as poultry litter. E. tonsillarum is closely related to the pathogenic species E. rhusiopatheae , causative agent of erysipeloid in mammals and erysipelas in poultry [36, 37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Diversity in Feces of Wild Bald Eagles, Turkey Vultures and Common Ravens from the Pacific Northwest Coast, U.S.A

Crespo

Dowd²,

Varland³

et al. 2019

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RC) 28 29 30 ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work. 2 31 Abstract 32Birds harbor diverse microorganisms in their guts, which collectively fulfill important 33 roles in providing their hosts with nutrition and protection from pathogens. Although numerous 34 studies have investigated the presence of certain pathogenic bacteria in the feces of wild birds, 35 only a few have attempted to investigate the microbiota of the gut. This study analyzed the avian 36 bacteria present in the cloaca of avian scavengers captured on coastal beaches of Washington and 37 Oregon between 2013 and 2015: 10 turkey vultures (Cathartes aura), 9 bald eagles (Haliaeetus 38 leucocephalus), and 2 common ravens (Corvus corax). We used illumina sequencing based on 39 the V4 region of the 16s gene was to characterize the bacterial diversity. Our investigation 40 revealed phylum-level differences in the microbiome of turkey vultures, compared with bald 41 eagles and common ravens. Substantial microbiome differences were found between bald eagles 42 and ravens below the phylum level. Although little is known about the possible relations among 43 these microorganisms, our analyses provides the first integrated look at the composition of the 44 avian microbiota and serves as a foundation for future studies in this area. 45 46 Keywords: avian scavenger, turkey vulture, bald eagle, common raven, bacteria, coast, 47 microbiota, microbiome, raptor. 48 Abbreviations: OTU = operational taxonomic unit 49 50 3 51 Introduction 52 Birds harbor diverse microorganisms in their gut, which collectively fulfill important 53 roles in providing their hosts with nutrition and protection from pathogens [1]. Gut 54 microorganisms have been isolated and characterized by a variety of methods, such as culture-55 based assays, culture-independent DNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization 56 targeting the 16S rRNA gene [2]. Most of these studies are limited in scope and are focused on 57 pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Clostridium 58 perfringens [3-5]. 59 In recent years, metagenomics using next-generation sequencing has emerged as a way to 60 analyze complex microbial communities and their functions [6]. This approach is capable of 61 sequencing thousands or millions of amplified DNA molecules in a single run and, for bacteria, 62 does not require conventional cloning and amplification. Additionally, metagenomic studies 63 offer a powerful tool for the comprehensive and unbiased assessment of microbial diversity 64 within the complex gut ecosystem by allowing examination of organisms not easily cultured in 65 the laboratory [6, 7]. 66 Few studies have used genetic sequencing to explore the intestinal microbiota of wild 67 birds [8]. Furthermore, these studies reported gene sequences to phylum or class levels only, 68 with no attempt to understand extant microorganism populations at the species level. In this 69 study, we analyze the avian microbiome present in the cloaca of bald eagles, turkey vultures, ...

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaecontamination in the poultry house environment during erysipelas outbreaks in organic laying hen flocks

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

Osteochondrosis, but not lameness, is more frequent among free-range pigs than confined herd-mates

Bacterial Diversity in Feces of Wild Bald Eagles, Turkey Vultures and Common Ravens from the Pacific Northwest Coast, U.S.A

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