<i>Erwinia rhapontici</i> (Millard) Burkholder Associated with Pink Grain of Wheat

Roberts, Pauline

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1974.tb00451.x

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The disease was first reported on common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Howe and Simmonds 1937;Campbell 1958;Roberts 1974;Forster and Bradbury 1990), and later on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) (McMullen et al 1984), pea (Pisum sativum L.) (Huang et al 1990;Schroeder et al 2002), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Huang et al 2002), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (Huang et al 2003a), and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of seed-borne Erwinia rhapontici in bean, pea and wheat

2010

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Studies were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to determine the distribution of Erwinia rhapontici in plants arising from naturally infected seeds of pea or artificially inoculated seeds of bean and wheat, and whether the pathogen is transmitted to the subsequent generation of seeds. Infected seeds were planted in pots of Cornell mix in the greenhouse, and sampled at specified intervals throughout the plant growth cycle (seedling stage, elongation stage, flowering stage, seed formation stage, and maturity). Plating of surface sterilized lateral roots, tap roots, basal stems, mid-stems, apical stems, petioles, pods, and seeds of pea and bean, and of lateral roots, sub-crown internodes, basal stems, mid-stems, apical stems, peduncles, glumes, and seeds of wheat revealed that the bacterial pathogen spread from infected seeds to the lower parts of the plant tissues, but failed to spread further to the seeds produced on these plants. The study concludes that E. rhapontici did not establish systemic infection throughout the plants. Possible mechanisms of infection of seeds are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of seed-borne Erwinia rhapontici in bean, pea and wheat

2010

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“…From one seed sample, we isolated two E. rhapontici strains, LMG 6803 and LMG 6807. These seemed to be phenotypically and protein electrophoretically related to E. rhapontici reference strains which caused pink grain disease on wheat (ROBERTS 1974).…”

Section: Ecological Commentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bacterial Rot of Witloof Chicory Caused by Strains of Erwinia and Pseudomonas: Symptoms, Isolation and Characterization

Vantomme

Sarrazyn

Goor

et al. 1989

Journal of Phytopathology

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A survey of chicory fields in the open air and on forcing farms revealed the importance and complexity of bacterial rot in witloof chicory crops. In the different witloof production stages, a total number of 294 bacterial cultures was collected, from which 61 were shown to be pathogenic. Inoculation of witloof head leaves in vitro allowed the differentiation between two symptoms of bacterial rot: 30 of our isolates caused a water‐soaked translucent wet rot (slime rot) whereas 31 others caused more localized oval‐shaped, brown to reddish lesions (brown rot). Computer‐assisted numerical analyses, using data‐banks built up in our laboratory from API tests and additional biochemical and phytopathological features, and which include reference erwinias and pseudomonads from chicory and other hosts, allowed the phenotypic characterization of each pathogenic strain isolated from witloof chicory. Taking also into account protein profiles from polyacrylamide SDS gel electrophoresis, we were able to delineate at least seven bacterial groups, responsible for bacterial rot on witloof chicory. Five of them induced brown rots and belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. Two of the Pseudomonas groups were identified as P. marginalis and P. viridiflava. The three other brown‐rot inducing groups formed separate clusters of unnamed fluorescent pseudomonads. More than 50% of isolates which induced brown rots were authentic P. marginalis strains. They occurred in classic type farms using covering soil, as well as in hydroculture farms. The two other bacterial groups induced slime rot and were respectively identified as authentic Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and as a new separate cluster in E. carotovora. About 80% of the isolates inducing slime rots belonged to the new cluster. Their occurrence seemed to be limited to hydroculture farms. Three nonpathogenic erwinias, including two isolated from chicory seeds, were characterized as E. rhapontici. Determinative schemes for the diagnosis of all these groups of pathogenic bacteria occurring on witloof chicory are proposed. Zusammenfassung Bakterielle Fäule der Witloof‐Zichorie verursacht durch Erwinia‐ und Pseudomonas‐Stämme: Symptome, Isolierung und Charakterisierung Eine Untersuchung von Zichoriefeldern im Freiland und bei “Forcing‐Farms” zeigte die Bedeutung und die Komplexität der bakteriellen Fäule in Witloof‐Zichorie‐Beständen. In verschiedenen Produktionsstadien wurden 294 Bakterienkulturen angelegt, davon zeigten sich 61 als pathogen. Nach einer in Vitro‐Inokulation von Witloof‐Blättern konnten zwei bakterielle Fäule‐Symptome unterschieden werden: 30 Isolate verursachten eine wassergetränkte, durchsichtige, nasse Fäule (Schleimfäule), die anderen 31 Isolate dagegen riefen mehr lokalisierte, ovale, braun bis rötlich gefärbte Läsionen (Braunfäule) hervor. Computerunterstützte, numerische Analysen, die in unserem Labor in Datenbanken aus API‐Tests und zusätzlichen biochemischen und phytopathologischen Eigenschaften, die auch Referenz‐Erwinias und Pseudomonaden der Zichori...

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“…Bacterial strains, plasmids and growth media The E. rhapontici strains NCPPB1578 (the type strain) and NCPPB139 (Roberts 1974), NCPPB2860, NCPPB2861 and NCPPB2989 (Sellwood and Lelliott 1978), and NCPPB2606, and the E. chrysanthemi strain NCPPB402 (type strain) were from the National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria (Harpenden, UK, obtained via Dr. K. Haahtela). The Escherichia coli K12 strain HB101 (Boyer and Roulland-Dussoix 1969), the E. carotovora ExpI ) strain SCC3065 and the Out ) strain SCC3125 (Pirhonen et al 1993), the wild-type strain SCC3193 (Pirhonen et al 1988) and the Cel ) strain SCC6002 (Pirhonen et al 1991;MaÈ e et al 1995) have been previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively little is known about the virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity of E. rhapontici. The bacterium infects a variety of crops as well as ornamental plants (Roberts 1974;Sellwood and Lelliott 1978), but it is considered a weak pathogen. Due to its close relatedness to E. amylovora, E. rhapontici might utilize similar mechanisms for pathogenicity, though this has not been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Members of the amylovora group of Erwinia are cellulolytic and possess genes homologous to the type II secretion pathway

et al. 2000

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A cellulase-producing clone was isolated from a genomic library of the Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkholder strain NCPPB2989. The corresponding gene, named celA, encodes an endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) with the extremely low pH optimum of 3.4 and a temperature optimum between 40 and 50 degrees C. A single ORF of 999 nt was found to be responsible for the Cel activity. The corresponding protein, named CelA, showed 67% identity to the endoglucanase Y of E. chrysanthemi and 51.5% identity to the endoglucanase of Cellulomonas uda, and thus belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 8. The celA gene, or its homologue, was found to be present in all E. rhapontici isolates analysed, in E. chrysanthemi, and in E. amylovora. The presence of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in the amylovora group of Erwinia spp. had not previously been established. Furthermore, the DNA of both E. rhapontici and E. amylovora was found to exhibit homology to genes encoding the type II (GSP) secretion pathway, which is known to be responsible for extracellular targeting of cellulases and pectinases in Erwinia spp. that cause soft rotting, such as E. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi. Secretion of the CelA protein by E. rhapontici could not be verified. However, the CelA protein itself was found to include the information necessary for heterologous secretion by E. chrysanthemi.

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Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkholder Associated with Pink Grain of Wheat

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Spread of seed-borne Erwinia rhapontici in bean, pea and wheat

Spread of seed-borne Erwinia rhapontici in bean, pea and wheat

Bacterial Rot of Witloof Chicory Caused by Strains of Erwinia and Pseudomonas: Symptoms, Isolation and Characterization

Members of the amylovora group of Erwinia are cellulolytic and possess genes homologous to the type II secretion pathway

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