<i>Enterobius vermicularis</i>infection of the ovary

Powell, George; Sarmah, Piyush; Sethi, B; Ganesan, Raji

doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-201146

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It may manifest with vaginitis, vulval pruritus, and vaginal discharge, but most reported cases of vaginal enterobiasis (>70%) were asymptomatic . Adequate treatment of vaginal pinworm infections is paramount because of the possible involvement of further structures such as the fallopian tubes or ovaries, with the risk of severe complications like bacterial coinfection with bleeding, infertility, tubo‐ovarian abscesses, and generalized peritonitis . Thus, the Papanicolaou (Pap) test has become an important diagnostic tool in the detection of such infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

Tsai

Junod

Jacot-Guillarmod

et al. 2017

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Enterobiasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections. It is considered an intestinal parasite, but cases of extra-intestinal affections exist, notably infections of the female genital tract. Enterobius vermicularis (EV) eggs (or ova) have been found in the cervical smears of two patients in our institute during the last 16 years. No gynaecological or gastrointestinal symptoms were reported, and there was no known intestinal infection in these two cases. A review of the available literature revealed rare cases of vaginal enterobiasis, with a wide range of clinical presentations, many patients being asymptomatic. The diagnosis may sometimes be difficult, mainly because of the lack of clinical suspicion. However, cytological identification of EV in cervico-vaginal smears is important, especially when considering the risk of ascending infections of the genital tract associated with severe complications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

Tsai

Junod

Jacot-Guillarmod

et al. 2017

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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“…Moreover, the preoperative symptoms and complaints, including lower abdominal pain, fever, dyspareunia, nausea, and vomiting, are usually nonspecific, while results of biochemical examination such as blood test also lack specificity (3,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Histological examination is also difficult, as the egg of this parasite might be easily confused with Schistosoma eggs, particularly in the epidemiological setting, in which infections by both species are endemic.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, clinical manifestations due to the presence of adult worms or eggs outside the gastrointestinal tract are minor, with many lesions reported as incidental findings upon surgery or autopsy (10). However, several cases of invasive female genital tract enterobiasis with overt clinical symptoms, including salpingitis, fallopian tube infiltration, urinary tract infection, pelvic mass, tubo-ovarian abscess, generalized peritonitis, and granulomata of the vulva, uterus, and ovaries, have been reported (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(10)(11)(12)(13). In addition, several cases of invasion of the human embryo by E. vermicularis have been reported (14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, a single dose of mebendazole may also be given to the patient followed by a second dose in cases where the infection persists, typically as a result of autoinfection. In most reported cases, patients were treated with mebendazole after surgery (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, the use of mebendazole in pregnancy remains controversial with regard to fetus safety (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Less commonly, the adult worms can become lodged in the intestinal mucosa and cause intestinal abscess (2). Extraintestinal enterobiasis is rare and mostly involves the female genital and reproductive tract, which includes the vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum or even the human embryo (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). In addition, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) as a complication of aberrant migration in women, particularly in young girls, have also been identified (16,17).…”

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Enterobius vermicularis Salpingitis Seen in the Setting of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Malaysian Patient

et al. 2014

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c We report a rare and unusual case of invasive Enterobius vermicularis infection in a fallopian tube. The patient was a 23-year-old Malaysian woman who presented with suprapubic pain and vaginal bleeding. A clinical diagnosis of ruptured right ovarian ectopic pregnancy was made. She underwent a laparotomy with a right salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination of the right fallopian tube showed eggs and adult remnants of E. vermicularis, and the results were confirmed using PCR and DNA sequencing. CASE REPORTO n 22 January 2014, a 23-year-old woman, who was in her second pregnancy and at 8 weeks of gestation, presented as an outpatient to the Emergency Department (ED) University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. She was referred by a private general practitioner after complaining of vaginal bleeding for 3 days with small amount of spotting and staining on her undergarment associated with suprapubic pain for a day. The pain was described as sharp pricking, nonradiating, and progressively increasing in severity. She did not have any vaginal discharge or fever. The result of a urine pregnancy test carried out at the private clinic was positive. When she missed her menses in December 2013, no test was done to confirm pregnancy. Bowel and urinary habits were normal. She did not have any medical illnesses or previous surgeries. No known allergies were noted. She had a full-term vaginal delivery in 2009. She attained menarche at the age of 12 years and has a regular menstrual cycle and is free of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding. She is on a natural method of contraception, and a cervical smear test had never been done before.On physical examination, she appeared pale, with early signs of hypovolemia as evidenced by tachycardia with pulse rate of 110 to 120 beats per min and blood pressure ranging between 90 to 94 and 60 to 70 mm Hg. Fluid resuscitation was immediately started in the emergency department. Her vital signs were monitored continuously. Cardiorespiratory examination revealed no abnormalities. Her abdomen was mildly distended. There was presence of tenderness at the lower abdomen with guarding. Neither an abdominal scar nor organomegaly was noted. Vaginal examination revealed a normal vulvovaginal surface, and her cervix was tubular. The cervical excitation result was positive, with fullness in the Pouch of Douglas. Adnexal tenderness was elicited bilaterally.Transabdominal pelvic sonography revealed an empty uterus with a right irregular adnexal mass measuring 9 mm and a moderate level of free fluid that was 50 mm deep. Blood investigations revealed anemia, with hemoglobin at 6.7 g/dl and with a normal white blood cell count and platelet level. Preoperative diagnosis of a ruptured right ectopic pregnancy with hypovolemia was made. Informed consent for a laparotomy was provided by both the patient and her husband after they were counseled with respect to the working diagnosis and the intended procedure. She underwent laparotomy with right salp...

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