<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> induces human neutrophils to form <scp>NET</scp>s

Ventura-Juárez, Javier; Campos-Esparza,; Pacheco‐Yépez, Judith; López-Blanco, Jebea A.; Adabache-Ortíz, Araceli; Silva-Briano, Marcelo; Campos-Rodrı́guez, Rafael

doi:10.1111/pim.12332

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A high percentage of immature neutrophils increases host susceptibility to secondary infections (Cunnington et al, 2012). Moreover, parasites from mastigophora, sarcodina and sporozoa phyla as well as helminths have been shown to trigger NET formation in vivo and/or in vitro (Baker et al, 2008; Abi Abdallah et al, 2012; Rochael et al, 2015; Ventura-Juarez et al, 2016). Although there seems to be an agreement that these structures trap microbes (Hermosilla et al, 2014), data that bear on the ability of NETs to kill parasites is at variance (Guimaraes-Costa et al, 2009; Hermosilla et al, 2014; McCoy et al, 2017).…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Kobayashi

Małachowa

DeLeo

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in humans and they are among the first white cells recruited to infected tissues. These leukocytes are essential for the innate immune response to bacteria and fungi. Inasmuch as neutrophils produce or contain potent microbicides that can be toxic to the host, neutrophil turnover and homeostasis is a highly regulated process that prevents unintended host tissue damage. Indeed, constitutive neutrophil apoptosis and subsequent removal of these cells by mononuclear phagocytes is a primary means by which neutrophil homeostasis is maintained in healthy individuals. Processes that alter normal neutrophil turnover and removal of effete cells can lead to host tissue damage and disease. The interaction of neutrophils with microbes and molecules produced by microbes often alters neutrophil turnover. The ability of microbes to alter the fate of neutrophils is highly varied, can be microbe-specific, and ranges from prolonging the neutrophil lifespan to causing rapid neutrophil lysis after phagocytosis. Here we provide a brief overview of these processes and their associated impact on innate host defense.

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Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Kobayashi

Małachowa

DeLeo

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…By now, NETosis has been described to be triggered by different protozoan parasites in vitro and in vivo , such as Plasmodium falciparum (29), Leishmania spp. (30, 31), Eimeria bovis (12, 32), Eimeria arloingi (33), T. gondii (34, 35), Besnoitia besnoiti (11), Cryptosporidium parvum (13), Trypanosoma cruzii (36), and Entamoeba histolytica (37). In addition, monocyte-derived extracellular traps have recently been reported in response to tachyzoites of B. besnoiti (11) and T. gondii in vitro (35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Cast Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against the Abortive Parasite Neospora caninum

et al. 2017

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Neospora caninum represents a relevant apicomplexan parasite causing severe reproductive disorders in cattle worldwide. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation was recently described as an efficient defense mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) acting against different parasites. In vitro interactions of bovine PMN with N. caninum were analyzed at different ratios and time spans. Extracellular DNA staining was used to illustrate the typical molecules of NETs [i.e., histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin] via antibody-based immunofluorescence analyses. Functional inhibitor treatments were applied to reveal the role of several enzymes [NADPH oxidase (NOX), NE, MPO, PAD4], ATP-dependent P2Y2 receptor, store-operated Ca++entry (SOCE), CD11b receptor, ERK1/2- and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathway in tachyzoite-triggered NETosis. N. caninum tachyzoites triggered NETosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed NET structures being released by bovine PMN and entrapping tachyzoites. N. caninum-induced NET formation was found not to be NOX-, NE-, MPO-, PAD4-, ERK1/2-, and p38 MAP kinase-dependent process since inhibition of these enzymes led to a slight decrease of NET formation. CD11b was also identified as a neutrophil receptor being involved in NETosis. Furthermore, N. caninum-triggered NETosis depends on Ca++ influx as well as neutrophil metabolism since both the inhibition of SOCE and of P2Y2-mediated ATP uptake diminished NET formation. Host cell invasion assays indicated that PMN-derived NETosis hampered tachyzoites from active host cell invasion, thereby inhibiting further intracellular replication. NET formation represents an early and effective mechanism of response of the innate immune system, which might reduce initial infection rates during the acute phase of cattle neosporosis.

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“…Brinkmann and colleagues first described the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in 2004; the focus of the subsequent investigations was the host immune protection carried out by NET fibers. Still, several studies have shown the beneficial effects of NETs against various pathogens such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Borrelia burgdoferi, Human immunodeficiency virus, Myxoma virus, C. albicans, Entamoeba histolytica, GBS, GPAC, and T. gondii [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Interestingly, NET formation, instead of phagocytosis-mediated killing, was described to occur depending on the size of the invading pathogen and was named size-selective NETosis [95].…”

Section: Extracellular Traps In Homininaementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Neumann

Brogden²,

Köckritz-Blickwede

2020

Biology

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The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life. Biology 2020, 9, 34 2 of 23On the basis of findings from several studies mostly performed with human and murine neutrophils, the following three different pathways that lead to the formation of ETs by innate immune cells have been identified: (1) Release of nuclear DNA by ETosis, a suicidal cell death associated with the rupture of the nuclear membrane prior to cell lysis [14,15]; (2) vesicular release of nuclear DNA by viable cells [16,17]; and (3) release of mitochondrial DNA [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to one or the other phenotype of ET formation has still not been entirely clarified. A group of renowned scientists and experts on NETs has recently published an opinionated review on the subject due to the abundance of available data that has also led to some confusion in the NET/ET research community because of contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, for example, the molecular pathways of ET formation or the origin of the DNA that forms the ET scaffold [20]. There is a strong consensus about the composition of ETs among the findings that NETs contain a high amount of granule proteins, for example, cell-type-specific proteases and other antibacterial molecules that are associated with DNA-histone complexes. However, it is still unclear how different triggers or pathways have led to phenotypical differences about the source of DNA or viability of the ET-releasing cell.Comparison of ET phenotypical differences between host species in relation to evolutionary aspects, especially by comparing data from phylogenetic groups, would help to understand the pathways of ET formation in more detail.

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Entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form NETs

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Cast Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against the Abortive Parasite Neospora caninum

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

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