Enicostemma littorale prevents tumor formation in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

Abstract

<jats:p> Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and India has recorded the highest annual incidence of oral cancer in comparison with other countries. Altered lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status along with defect in detoxification cascade have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers including oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale leaves (ElELet) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Oral tumor was developed in the buccal pouches of male golden Syrian hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks. We observed 100% tumor formation with increase in tumor volume and tumor burden in the hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Imbalance in phase I (cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b<jats:sub>5</jats:sub>) and phase II (glutathione reductase, glutathione- S-transferase, glutathione, and Deoxythymidine-diaphorase (DT)-diaphorase) detoxification agents and lipid peroxidation by-products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamins E and C) status was noticed in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of ElELet at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight to hamsters treated with DMBA significantly prevented both precancerous and cancerous lesions in the oral cavity. ElELet modulated the status of phase I and II detoxification agents and antioxidants in favor of the suppression of oral carcinogenesis. This study thus suggests that E. littorale might have inhibited the oral carcinogenesis in DMBA-treated hamsters through its antioxidant potential. The present findings are also substantiated by histological studies during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. </jats:p>

Suppressive Effects of Puerariae Radix on the Breast Tumor Incidence in Rats Treated with DMBA

“…The rat hepatic GSH statuses observed in this study also suggest that PR exerts antioxidant effects, regardless of whether DMBA was administered. These results were consistent with those from previous studies indicating that PR supplementation significantly increased hepatic GSH levels in ethanol-treated rats (Lee, 2004), lead-treated rats , and DMBA-treated hamsters (Rajasekaran et al, 2015). Likewise, the phase II detoxification enzyme, GST-pi, was suggested to facilitate the excretion of carcinogenic metabolites in conjugation with GSH.…”

“…Likewise, the phase II detoxification enzyme, GST-pi, was suggested to facilitate the excretion of carcinogenic metabolites in conjugation with GSH. The hepatic GST-pi protein levels of DMBA rats were remarkably decreased in this study and indicated that the excretion of DMBA metabolites was impaired, thus leading to neoplasia as proposed in a previous study (Rajasekaran et al, 2015). Reduced hepatic GST-pi protein levels were observed in DMBA rats that received PR treatment, which suggested that PR reduced tumorigenesis by elevating the expression of GST-pi protein to increase the excretion of carcinogenic metabolites of DMBA in the liver.…”

Modulating effect of Enicostemma littorale on the expression pattern of apoptotic, cell proliferative, inflammatory and angiogenic markers During 7, 12-Dimethylbenz (a) anthracene induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

“…Oral administration of E. littorale (ELELet) at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight to DMBA treated hamsters significantly prevented the tumor formation[ 29 ] as well as modulated the expression of apoptotic (p53, Bcl-2 and Bax), cell proliferative (cyclin D1 and PCNA), inflammatory (NF-κB and COX-2), invasive (MMP-2 and 9) and angiogenic (VEGF), markers towards the inhibition or suppression of oral carcinogenesis. The present study thus indicates the presence of some potent anticarcinogenic principles in the leaves of E. littorale , which might have played the anticancer role.…”

“…[ 27 28 ] We recently reported the chemopreventive potential as well as its protective effect on cell surface glycoconjugates in DMBA induced oral cancer. [ 29 30 ] The aim of this study is, therefore, to explore the molecular chemopreventive potential of E. littorale in DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.…”

Evaluation of caspase 9 expression in induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma

“…Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the major global health problems with an annual estimated incidence of 300,000 newly diagnosed cases (1) . 7, 12-Dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is widely employed to induce oral carcinoma in experimental animals including hamster buccal pouch (HBP) (2,3) . It has been found that DMBA induced oral tumors expressed biochemical and molecular characteristics similar to that of human oral tumors (4) .…”