<i>Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions</i>

Birdsall, C.K.; Bridges, William B.; Simpson, J. A.

doi:10.1063/1.3033997

Cited by 94 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…In spite of its simplicity, the 1D Child-Langmuir (CL) model for a cathode of unlimited emissivity plays a very important role in the design and analysis of various devices [1] as well as for developing effective computational schemes for more realistic geometries. The situation is more complicated in the case of field emission because the current density depends on the field at the cathode surface, but surprisingly, Eq.…”

Section: Universal Features Of Field Emission In 1dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, both space charge and emittance dominated beams have received intense study, particularly as they relate to thermal and photoemission sources for amplifiers and particle accelerators [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In contrast, field emission relies on quantum mechanical tunneling through barriers thinned through the application of fields on the order of 10 GV/m at the emission site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space charge effects in field emission: One dimensional theory

Rokhlenko

Jensen

Lebowitz

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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The current associated with field emission is greatly dependent on the electric field at the emitting electrode. This field is a combination of the electric field in vacuum and the space charge created by the current. The latter becomes more important as the current density increases. Here, a study is performed using a modified classical 1D ChildLangmuir description that allows for exact solutions in order to characterize the contributions due to space charge. Methods to connect the 1D approach to an array of periodic 3D structures are considered.

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Section: Universal Features Of Field Emission In 1dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space charge effects in field emission: One dimensional theory

Rokhlenko

Jensen

Lebowitz

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…17 There is a strong dimensional aspect to perveance and our intuition tells us correctly that a beam can expand into 2 or 3 dimensions with much greater perveance or less concern for stagnation. A fully developed electron emission system requires specific and usually numerical design, however we may still characterize the transition from ID (the cathode surface) to 2 or 3 dimensions with the following simple principle.…”

Section: VIIImentioning

confidence: 85%

Initial Plasma Testing of the Ion Proportional Surface Emission Cathode

Wheelock¹,

Cooke²,

Geis³

2008

44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference &Amp;amp; Exhibit

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden to Department of Defense. AFRL-RV-HA-TR-2008-1114 SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL/RVBXT SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESReprinted from Proceedings, 44'" AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Hartford, CT, Paper AIAA-2008-4640 •Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA 02420 ABSTRACTThe Ion Proportional Surface Emission Cathode (IProSEC) is a low-brightness cathode technology under development for applicationswhere large areas are available for emission and it is advantageous to avoid the space charge effects often associated with bright or intense sources. Space applications include spacecraft charge control and electrodynamic tethers. Surface Emission Cathodes emit electrons by concentrating an electric field between a p-doped insulating substrate and an adjacent metal cathode element. The substrate potential is held positive of the cathode with gate elements. In plasma, the gate is eliminated due to ambient ion flux which maintains the substrate potential near plasma ground. Prototype devices have been tested using a laboratory plasma source achieving sustained and stable operation over a wide bias voltage for a given ion flux. Chip-based sources are compared to carbon nanotube mats The principle of operation, ion flux proportionality, and prototype performance is discussed. SUBJECT TERMS

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“…These parameters are functions of frequency f and the electron transittime across the anode-cathode (AK) gap τ [2]. Whenever τ≈(n+1/4)/f n where n is an integer, the conductance becomes negative and a TEM wave supported by the gap will grow in amplitude [3].…”

Section: Transit-time Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a KrF laser module would be pumped by repetitively pulsed, counterstreaming, large-area electron beams (e-beams). Theory, simulation, [2,3] and experiments [4] performed on the NIKE [5] KrF laser at the Naval Research Laboratory have shown that large-area, e-beam diodes are susceptible to the transittime instability. The instability modulates the electron beam spatially and temporally, producing a wide spread in electron energy and momentum distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of the Transit -Time Instability in Large-Area Electron Beam Diodes

Myers

Friedman

Swanekamp

et al. 2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Experiment, theory, and simulation have shown that large-area electron-beam diodes are susceptible to the transit-time instability. The instability modulates the electron beam spatially and temporally, producing a wide spread in electron energy and momentum distributions. The result is gross inefficiency in beam generation and propagation. Simulations indicate that a periodic, slotted cathode structure that is loaded with resistive elements may be used to eliminate the instability. Such a cathode has been fielded on one of the two opposing 60 cm x 200 cm diodes on the NIKE KrF laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. These diodes typically deliver 600 kV, 500 kA, 250 ns electron beams to the laser cell in an external magnetic field of 0.2 T. We conclude that the slotted cathode suppressed the transit-time instability such that the RF power was reduced by a factor of 9 and that electron transmission efficiency into the laser gas was improved by more than 50%.

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Electron Dynamics of Diode Regions

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Space charge effects in field emission: One dimensional theory

Space charge effects in field emission: One dimensional theory

Initial Plasma Testing of the Ion Proportional Surface Emission Cathode

Suppression of the Transit -Time Instability in Large-Area Electron Beam Diodes

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