<i>Effect of Water Content and Compression on Clothing Insulation</i>

Hall, John F.; Polte, Johannes W.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1956.8.5.539

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…4, the dry heat¯ow from the trunk area through the clothing to the surrounding air during sessions I and II seemed to be the greatest in A. It was also related to the highest moisture regain in A, because it has been shown that the thermal insulation becomes most reduced in A by absorbing moisture (Hall and Poltke 1956). Thus, the reduced thermal insulation might be responsible for the highest heat¯ow from the trunk area through clothing to air.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Natural ®bres such as wool and cotton which are hygroscopic, have been shown to have the ability to absorb large amounts of moisture (Smith and Block 1982). Some investigators have reported that a greater amount of sweat was absorbed in woollen clothing than in polypropylene and polyester when total sweat production was the same (Hall and Poltke 1956;Nielsen and Endrusick 1988). Ha et al (1995a) have studied the eects of two kinds of clothing, with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic fabrics, on the rate of sweating at an ambient temperature (T a ) of 37°C and found that the local sweating rate was higher in polyester than in cotton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind

Kwon

Kato

Kawamura³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

105

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The purpose of this present study was to compare the physiological effects of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the fabrics investigated in exercising and resting subjects at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 50% with and without wind. Three kinds of clothing ensemble were tested: wool and cotton blend with high moisture regain (A), 100% cotton with intermediate moisture regain (B), 100% polyester clothing with low moisture regain (C). The experiments were performed using seven young adult women as subjects. They comprised six repeated periods of 10-min exercise on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of 40% maximal oxygen uptake followed by 5 min of rest (20 min for the last rest). The experiments comprised two sessions. During session I (first three repetitions of exercise and rest) the subjects were exposed to an indifferent wind velocity and during session II (last three repetitions of exercise and rest) they were exposed to a wind velocity of 1.5 m x s(-1). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at eight sites, pulse rate and clothing microclimate were recorded throughout the whole period. The main findings can be summarized as follows: rectal temperature during session II was kept at a significantly lower level in A than in B and C. Clothing microclimate humidity at the chest was significantly lower in A than in B and C during session II. Skin and clothing microclimate temperatures at the chest were significantly lower in A than in B and C during session II. Pulse rate was significantly higher in C than in A and B during sessions I and II. It was concluded that the hydrophilic properties of the fabrics studied were of physiological significance for reducing heat strain during exercise and rest especially when influenced by wind.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind

Kwon

Kato

Kawamura³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

105

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“…Since water leakage underneath an immersion suit will reduce the overall insulation provided (Hall and Polte 1956, Light et al 1987, Tipton and Balmi 1996 due to the water replacing the trapped air in the insulative material of the inner garment, the thermal protection provided by that particular immersion suit decreased over time to the point where the subjects were unable to stabilize their fall in deep body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in predicted survival times in cold water due to wind and waves

et al. 2015

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=dfe5494b-b7c1-474f-83f9-0eb6d56f007b http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=dfe5494b-b7c1-474f-83f9-0eb6d56f007bReduction in predicted survival times in cold water due to wind and waves AbstractRecent marine accidents have called into question the level of protection provided by immersion suits in real (harsh) life situations. Two immersion suit studies, one dry and the other with 500 mL of water underneath the suit, were conducted in cold water with 10-12 males in each to test body heat loss under three environmental conditions: calm, as mandated for immersion suit certification, and two combinations of wind plus waves to simulate conditions typically found offshore. In both studies mean skin heat loss was higher in wind and waves vs. calm; deep body temperature and oxygen consumption were not different. Mean survival time predictions exceeded 36 h for all conditions in the first study but were markedly less in the second in both calm and wind and waves.Immersion suit protection and consequential predicted survival times under realistic environmental conditions and with leakage are reduced relative to calm conditions.

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“…Previous studies show that the clothing insulation decreases as it gets wet (Hall and Polte 1956;Wang et al 2015a). The clothing thermal insulation presented in Eq.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of sweating set rate on clothing real evaporative resistance determined on a sweating thermal manikin in a so-called isothermal condition (T manikin = T a = T r)

Wang

Peng

et al. 2015

Int J Biometeorol

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The ASTM F2370 (2010) is the only standard with regard to measurement of clothing real evaporative resistance by means of a sweating manikin. However, the sweating set-point is not recommended in the standard. In this study, the effect of sweating rate on clothing real evaporative resistance was investigated on a 34-zone "Newton" sweating thermal manikin in a so-called isothermal condition (T manikin = T a = T r). Four different sweating set rates (i.e., all segments had a sweating rate of 400, 800, 1200 ml/hr ∙ m(2), respectively, and different sweating rates were assigned to different segments) were applied to determine the clothing real evaporative resistance of five clothing ensembles and the boundary air layer. The results indicated that the sweating rate did not affect the real evaporative resistance of clothing ensembles with the absence of strong moisture absorbent layers. For the clothing ensemble with tight cotton underwear, a sweating rate of lower than 400 ml/hr ∙ m(2) is not recommended. This is mainly because the wet fabric "skin" might not be fully saturated and thus led to a lower evaporative heat loss and thereby a higher real evaporative resistance. For vapor permeable clothing, the real evaporative resistance determined in the so-called isothermal condition should be corrected before being used in thermal comfort or heat strain models. However, the reduction of wet thermal insulation due to moisture absorption in different test scenarios had a limited contribution to the effect of sweating rate on the real evaporative resistance.

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Effect of Water Content and Compression on Clothing Insulation

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind

Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind

Reduction in predicted survival times in cold water due to wind and waves

Effect of sweating set rate on clothing real evaporative resistance determined on a sweating thermal manikin in a so-called isothermal condition (T manikin = T a = T r)

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