<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>
            Antigen B Impairs Human Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Polarizes Immature Dendritic Cell Maturation towards a Th2 Cell Response

Riganò, Rachele; Buttari, Brigitta; Profumo, Elisabetta; Ortona, Elena; Delunardo, Federica; Margutti, Paola; Mattei, Vincenzo; Teggi, Antonella; Sorice, Maurizio; Siracusano, Alessandra

doi:10.1128/iai.01156-06

Cited by 132 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…AgB significantly inhibits polymorphonuclear cell recruitment (Rigano et al, 2001;Shepherd et al, 1991), modulates dendritic cell differentiation and polarizes immature DC maturation towards a Th2 cell response (Rigano et al, 2007). After establishment in the host, the hydatid cyst produces a large amount of AgB , which can alter the Th1/Th2 ratio from a predominant Th1 response in the early stage of infection to a Th2 response (Rigano et al, 2001), indicating that AgB is a modulator of the T cell response benefiting parasite survival.…”

Section: Regulatory T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a molecular size of circa 8 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (Lightowlers et al, 1989;Shepherd and McManus, 1987) under reduced conditions. The function of AgB in the parasite's biology is not completely elucidated, but several studies have shown that the molecule may be involved in the modulation of the host immune response; for instance, as a protease inhibitor that inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis (Shepherd et al, 1991;Virginio et al, 2007), promoting a non-protective Th2 response by interfering with monocyte differentiation, and by modulating DC maturation (Kanan and Chain, 2006;Rigano et al, 2007). One study has suggested that AgB could be involved in the processes of lipid uptake or detoxification (Chemale et al, 2005).…”

Section: E Granulosus Antigen Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. granulosus antigens influence maturation and differentiation of DC stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Kanan and Chain, 2006). This includes downmodulation of CD1a expression and up-regulation of CD86 expression, a lower percentage of CD83(+) cells being present, and down-regulation of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) and TNF alpha (Rigano et al, 2007). In addition, hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) modulates the transition of human monocytes to DC, impairs secretion of IL-12, IL-6 or PGE2 in response to LPS stimulation, and modulates the phenotype of cells generated during culture, resulting in increased CD14 expression (Kanan and Chain, 2006).…”

Section: Dendritc Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) modulates the transition of human monocytes to DC, impairs secretion of IL-12, IL-6 or PGE2 in response to LPS stimulation, and modulates the phenotype of cells generated during culture, resulting in increased CD14 expression (Kanan and Chain, 2006). AgB has been shown to induce IL-1 receptor-associated kinase phosphorylation and activate nuclear factor-kappa B, suggesting that Toll-like receptors could participate in E. granulosus-stimulated DC maturation (Rigano et al, 2007).…”

Section: Dendritc Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Recent Advances in the Immunology and Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Lin³

et al. 2012

Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases

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Section: Regulatory T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Granulosus Antigen Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dendritc Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dendritc Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent Advances in the Immunology and Serological Diagnosis of Echinococcosis

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Lin³

et al. 2012

Serological Diagnosis of Certain Human, Animal and Plant Diseases

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“…A feature shared by many helminths is their capacity to suppress TLR-mediated DC activation by microbial PAMP. Numerous studies have reported the inhibitory effects of helminth-derived components on TLR-induced activation as determined by pro-inflammatory cytokine production and expression of MHC class II/costimulatory molecules [28,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The pathways underlying this suppression are, however, still poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminths and dendritic cells: Sensing and regulating via pattern recognition receptors, Th2 and Treg responses

et al. 2010

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The classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 immune responses with a regulatory component. DC, as central players in the induction and maintenance of immune responses, play a prominent role in both these processes, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind the interplay between DC and helminths. It is becoming increasingly clear that helminths modulate DC function not only via direct interactions but also indirectly via host-derived cues. Furthermore, while studies have until recently focused on receptor signalingmediated DC modulation by helminths, evidence is emerging that DC may also respond to helminth infections by sensing stress signals or tissue damage inflicted by the worms or their products. Here, we will discuss these new insights and will link them to the origin and importance of Th2 and regulatory immune responses with respect to the survival of both parasite and host.Key words: DC . Helminth . Th cell polarization . Tissue damage IntroductionThe classical reaction of the host to helminth infections is the induction of Th2 responses. The induction of Th2 immunity has been shown to be important for resistance to helminth infections in various model systems; however, despite induction of a Th2 response, total clearance of the parasites rarely occurs in man (reviewed in [1,2]). This implies that helminths have evolved strategies, such as evasion or suppression of the host immune response that prevent their expulsion and permit their long-term survival. The immune modulatory effects are thought to arise from the helminth's capacity to exploit the host's own system of immune regulation, which is normally crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and self tolerance. In this respect, the induction of Treg has been shown to be one of the most common mechanisms that restrains immune responses against the parasite while also preventing excessive inflammation and tissue damage inflicted by the worms (reviewed in [2,3]). Therefore, it is not surprising that among the variety of mechanisms developed by helminths to influence host immune responses, modulation of DC as pivotal players in the initiation and polarization of adaptive immune responses, including Treg modulation, may have a particularly important role (reviewed in [2,4,5] ) carbohydrate epitope found in schistosoma soluble egg antigens (SEA), has been implicated in TLR4-dependent priming of Th2 responses via DC [9]. However, SEA is also known to be capable of modulating DC for Th2 priming in the absence of TLR signaling [10]. Furthermore, phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids derived from schistosomes and ascaris worms, which carry TLR2-activating molecules, have been shown to promote Th2 responses via DC, but this is not TLR2 dependent [11], whereas monoacetylated PS lipids from schistosomes were found to specifically instruct DC to preferentially induce IL-10-producing Treg in a TLR2-dependent fashion [12]. Although TLR2 does not seem to be essential for Th2 polar...

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