DrosophilaEmbryos as a Model for Wound-Induced Transcriptional Dynamics: Genetic Strategies to Achieve a Localized Wound Response

Abstract

While many studies have established a paradigm for tissue repair at the level of cellular remodeling, it is not clear how an organism restricts a response only to the injured region of a damaged tissue. Skin, the largest organ in the human body, is prone to injury, and repair of epidermal tissue represents a medically relevant system to investigate. Studies in provide a robust genetic system to identify molecular components that will positively impact repair and healing. The skin consists of a single-cell epidermal layer and relies on well-conserved cellular mechanisms to coordinate gene expression during development. Many studies have established that key developmental genes promote a response to epidermal injury, but the balance between activator and inhibitor signals to coordinate a localized response remains unknown. Discovery of a genetic pathway that promotes the restriction of transcriptional response to damage only in effected regions. Interestingly, genome-wide microarray studies have identified an intersection between gene expression after aseptic injury and activation of the innate immune response. The use of a transcriptional activation reporter provides an innovative approach to uncover well-conserved components that promote the localization of a response during epidermal injury and may influence other pathological conditions of tissue damage. The work reviewed in this critical review may lead to development of molecular strategies of repair and improved healing after injury or infection. The outcomes on the fundamental contribution of a transcriptional response to injury will be translatable to mammalian systems.

Gene network underlying the glial regenerative response to central nervous system injury

“…Compensatory proliferation and growth occur in wing imaginal discs, where cell death by irradiation, microsurgery, fragmentation or genetic means, leads to regeneration and development of intact adult structures (Haynie and Bryant ; Huh et al, ; Pérez‐Garijo et al, ; Bergantinos et al, ). As well as wing disc injury (Díaz‐García and Baonza, ), adult epithelial injury (Rämet et al, ) and embryonic dorsal closure (Noselli and Agnès, ) are also used to investigate wound closure, successfully providing cellular and genetic insights relevant to vertebrates (Juarez, ). The gut is used to study injury responses of intestinal stem cells, regulated by intrinsic signals, and extrinsic niche signals for self‐replication (Jiang et al, ).…”

Toll pathway is required for wound-induced expression of barrier repair genes in the Drosophila epidermis

“…In Drosophila the Duox gene is also required for activation of wound response genes in epidermal cells (25). Our previous studies have shown that Duox and hydrogen peroxide act upstream of serine protease(s) for the wound-dependent activation of the ple and Ddc genes (26).…”

Evolutionary 3D Image Segmentation of Curve Epithelial Tissues of Drosophila melanogaster

“…It has been applied to three different data sets of confocal images (each data set contains several images to represent only one sample of a tissue) taken from the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster: salivary glands, embryos and egg chambers. Classically, all of them have been widely used to analyse the different biological events in which epithelial cells are involved: division, migration, apoptosis, differentiation, polarity, cancer, wound healing and much more [33][34][35][36][37]. We consider that our present work has these novelties:…”