<i>Drosophila</i>blood cells and their role in immune responses

Vlisidou, Isabella; Wood, Will

doi:10.1111/febs.13235

Cited by 130 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, which is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation, has also been implicated in insect host-virus interactions, though its role in immune function is less well characterized 73, 74 . Several genes involved in Wnt signaling (e.g., osa ) exhibited increased expression in virus-infected bees (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense

Brutscher

Daughenbaugh

Flenniken

2017

Sci Rep

136

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Recent high annual losses of honey bee colonies are associated with many factors, including RNA virus infections. Honey bee antiviral responses include RNA interference and immune pathway activation, but their relative roles in antiviral defense are not well understood. To better characterize the mechanism(s) of honey bee antiviral defense, bees were infected with a model virus in the presence or absence of dsRNA, a virus associated molecular pattern. Regardless of sequence specificity, dsRNA reduced virus abundance. We utilized next generation sequencing to examine transcriptional responses triggered by virus and dsRNA at three time-points post-infection. Hundreds of genes exhibited differential expression in response to co-treatment of dsRNA and virus. Virus-infected bees had greater expression of genes involved in RNAi, Toll, Imd, and JAK-STAT pathways, but the majority of differentially expressed genes are not well characterized. To confirm the virus limiting role of two genes, including the well-characterized gene, dicer, and a probable uncharacterized cyclin dependent kinase in honey bees, we utilized RNAi to reduce their expression in vivo and determined that virus abundance increased, supporting their involvement in antiviral defense. Together, these results further our understanding of honey bee antiviral defense, particularly the role of a non-sequence specific dsRNA-mediated antiviral pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense

Brutscher

Daughenbaugh

Flenniken

2017

Sci Rep

136

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“…The capacity of an adult insect to survive systemic challenge with exogenous microbes depends largely on the efficacy of its cellular immune system, and more specifically, hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis (Hillyer and Strand, 2014; Vlisidou and Wood, 2015). We thus investigated the ability of siOBP6, siGFP and siOBP6 R adults to survive following systemic challenge with 10 3 CFU of E. coli K12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont-induced odorant binding proteins mediate insect host hematopoiesis

Benoit

Vigneron

Broderick

et al. 2017

eLife

110

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Symbiotic bacteria assist in maintaining homeostasis of the animal immune system. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie symbiont-mediated host immunity are largely unknown. Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) house maternally transmitted symbionts that regulate the development and function of their host’s immune system. Herein we demonstrate that the obligate mutualist, Wigglesworthia, up-regulates expression of odorant binding protein six in the gut of intrauterine tsetse larvae. This process is necessary and sufficient to induce systemic expression of the hematopoietic RUNX transcription factor lozenge and the subsequent production of crystal cells, which actuate the melanotic immune response in adult tsetse. Larval Drosophila’s indigenous microbiota, which is acquired from the environment, regulates an orthologous hematopoietic pathway in their host. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie enteric symbiont-stimulated systemic immune system development, and indicate that these processes are evolutionarily conserved despite the divergent nature of host-symbiont interactions in these model systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19535.001

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“…In the present study, we showed that Hfq is required for the maintenance of the persistent infection of E. coli in Drosophila. Hfq seemed to inhibit the killing of bacteria in hemocytes, a major phagocytic cell type in Drosophila (74,75), after engulfment, which should be a mechanistic explanation for the Hfq-mediated persistent infection of E. coli. There was no difference in the efficacy of phagocytosis of E. coli between the parental and Hfq-lacking strains, whereas the Hfq-lacking strain was more rapidly killed in phagocytes after engulfment than was the parent strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inhibition of Phagocytic Killing of Escherichia coli in Drosophila Hemocytes by RNA Chaperone Hfq

Shiratsuchi

Nitta

Kuroda

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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An RNA chaperone of Escherichia coli, called host factor required for phage Qβ RNA replication (Hfq), forms a complex with small noncoding RNAs to facilitate their binding to target mRNA for the alteration of translation efficiency and stability. Although the role of Hfq in the virulence and drug resistance of bacteria has been suggested, how this RNA chaperone controls the infectious state remains unknown. In the present study, we addressed this issue using Drosophila melanogaster as a host for bacterial infection. In an assay for abdominal infection using adult flies, an E. coli strain with mutation in hfq was eliminated earlier, whereas flies survived longer compared with infection with a parental strain. The same was true with flies deficient in humoral responses, but the mutant phenotypes were not observed when a fly line with impaired hemocyte phagocytosis was infected. The results from an assay for phagocytosis in vitro revealed that Hfq inhibits the killing of E. coli by Drosophila phagocytes after engulfment. Furthermore, Hfq seemed to exert this action partly through enhancing the expression of σ38, a stress-responsive σ factor that was previously shown to be involved in the inhibition of phagocytic killing of E. coli, by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Our study indicates that the RNA chaperone Hfq contributes to the persistent infection of E. coli by maintaining the expression of bacterial genes, including one coding for σ38, that help bacteria evade host immunity.

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Drosophilablood cells and their role in immune responses

Cited by 130 publications

References 153 publications

Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense

Virus and dsRNA-triggered transcriptional responses reveal key components of honey bee antiviral defense

Symbiont-induced odorant binding proteins mediate insect host hematopoiesis

Inhibition of Phagocytic Killing of Escherichia coli in Drosophila Hemocytes by RNA Chaperone Hfq

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