DELAY OF GERMINATION 6, encoding theANAC060transcription factor, inhibits seed dormancy

Abstract

The timing of seed germination is regulated by seed dormancy. There is ample natural variation for seed dormancy among as well as within plant species. In Arabidopsis several DELAY OF GERMINATION quantitative trait loci have been identified, of which DOG1 is best studied. Here we report the identification of DOG6, a quantitative trait locus with a similar strong effect on seed dormancy as DOG1. DOG6 affects the timing of germination both in laboratory as well as in field conditions. Complementation cloning revealed that DOG6 encodes the membrane bound transcription factor ANAC060. The absence of the ANAC060 protein or its sequestration outside the nucleus results in increased seed dormancy levels. The different natural variants of ANAC060 differ for the presence of the membrane binding domain, either due to the fact that this domain is absent in the genomic sequence or because the cDNA is alternatively spliced. Our data indicates that ANAC060 regulates seed dormancy by among others binding to and regulating the expression of protein phosphatases 2C class A proteins including PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2CA (PP2CA), ABI FIVE BINDING PROTEIN 3 (AFP3) and HIGHLY ABA-INDUCED PP2C GENE 3 (HAI3).

A histone deacetylase complex establishes a transgenerationally inherited maternal epigenetic state controlling progeny seed dormancy

“…We scored seed dormancy in several T-DNA mutants disrupting genes associated with dormancy in our GWAS. Two alleles in ANAC60 showed enhanced dormancy when set at 22°C (Supplementary Fig.1), as recently described 16 . In the phyB region the most strongly dormancy-associated SNPs were approximately 20kb distal to the phyB gene, in a locus with two seed-expressed homologues of VIN3, VEL2 and VEL3 (Supplementary Fig.…”

A commitment for life: Decades of unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind seed dormancy and germination

“…The identified DOG QTL underly genes of a different nature; so far DOG1 , DOG6 , and DOG18 are cloned, and these encode, respectively, an unknown protein, a NAC transcription factor, and a pseudo phosphatase (RDO5) ( Bentsink et al 2006 ; Xiang et al 2016 ; Song et al 2021 ). Although we can only speculate about the nature of the remaining DOG loci, genetic analyses and transcriptional profiling have indicated that they control dormancy by different additive genetic and molecular pathways ( Bentsink et al 2010 ).…”

“…DOG6 encodes the NAC transcription factor ANAC60 ( Song et al 2021 , 2022 ). Different natural alleles of DOG6 determine the localization of the protein due to the presence or absence of a membrane binding domain.…”

Sdr4 dominates pre‐harvest sprouting and facilitates adaptation to local climatic condition in Asian cultivated rice

“…Temperature, light, relative humidity, and nutrients are major exogenous factors which indirectly regulate seed dormancy by affecting endogenous factors (Basbouss-Serhal et al, 2016). The characterization of several other key dormancy regulatory factors in seed plants have enriched our understanding of seed dormancy supervision, such as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) (Bentsink et al, 2006;Carrillo-Barral et al, 2020), REDUCED DOR-MANCY 5/DELAY OF GERMINATION18 (RDO5/DOG18) (Xiang et al, 2014(Xiang et al, , 2016, DELAY OF GERMINATION 6/ ANAC060 (DOG6) (Song et al, 2021), Arabidopsis thaliana SEED DORMANCY4-LIKE/REVERSAL OF RDO5 1(AtSdr4L/ ODR1) (Cao et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020), ETHYLENE RE-SPONSE1/REDUCED DORMANCY3 (ETR1/RDO3) (Li et al, 2019) and LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR67 (bZIP67) (Bryant et al, 2019) from Arabidopsis; Sdr4 (Sugimoto et al, 2010), and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL2 (MFT2) (Song et al, 2020) from rice; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) from barley (Nakamura et al, 2016) and wheat (Torada et al, 2016); and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) from barley (Sato et al, 2016).…”