De factoinformality? Rethinking the experience of women in the formally regulated workplace

Manufacturing informality. Global production networks and the reproduction of informalized labour regimes in Europe’s peripheries

“…Informalization is driven by the crisis of the Fordist production model, increased global competition, the retrenchment of the welfare state, and the weakening of labour movements (Portes et al, 1989; Slavnic, 2010; Harvey, 1990; Chang, 2009). This perspective emphasizes how formal and informal economies are integrated and focus on de facto informality considering informalized workers not only those without a contract, but also the ones covered by formal contracts and regulations that cannot effectively exercise the rights ensuing from their formal employment status (Chang, 2009; Heap et al, 2018). A recent strand within the structuralist literature analyses ‘how the workings of GPNs create and reinforce a dynamic process of informalization’ (Phillips, 2011: 382).…”

“…Informalized labour regimes thus rely on specific informal control apparatuses that differ from the apparatuses regulating fully formal employment relations. Informalization, in fact, significantly impinges on the legal instruments that workers have to negotiate the terms of their employment and the organization of production and it weakens their access to justice (Heap et al, 2018; Vosko et al, 2017). This does not imply that the informalization of the employee-employer relationship necessarily comes at the expense of the workers.…”

Caracterizando la informalidad: un análisis sobre migración, género, jóvenes, educación y tecnología en la informalidad

“…La literatura existente dilucida una serie de factores que contribuyen a la prevalencia de las mujeres en el empleo informal (Berniell et al, 2021;Heap et al, 2018;Kucera & Xenogiani, 2009;Sethuraman, 1998). Estos factores pueden resumirse de la siguiente manera:  " Las mujeres están sujetas a variaciones significativas en función de diversas variables, como sus ocupaciones específicas, ubicaciones geográficas y condiciones sociales y económicas imperantes.…”