<i>Days to heading 7</i>
            , a major quantitative locus determining photoperiod sensitivity and regional adaptation in rice

Gao, He; Jin, Mingna; Zheng, Xiao; Chen, Jun; Yuan, Dingyang; Xin, Yeyun; Wang, Maoqing; Huang, Dong; Zhe, Zhang; Zhou, Kunneng; Sheng, Peike; Ma, Jing; Ma, Weiwei; Deng, Huafeng; Jiang, Ling; Liu, Shijia; Wang, Haiyang; Wu, Chuanyin; Yuan, Longping; Wan, Jianmin

doi:10.1073/pnas.1418204111

Cited by 257 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In rice, LD repression of flowering is mediated by two additional CCT domain genes: Hd2/PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR37 (OsPRR37) and Hd4/ GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT, AND HEADING DATE7 (Ghd7; Xue et al, 2008;Koo et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2014). OsPRR37 is orthologous to the Arabidopsis circadian clock gene PRR3/7 and is characterized by a pseudoreceiver and a CCT domain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…OsPRR37 is orthologous to the Arabidopsis circadian clock gene PRR3/7 and is characterized by a pseudoreceiver and a CCT domain. OsPRR37 is expressed under LD and SD conditions but is only functional to repress Hd3a under LDs (Murakami et al, 2003;Koo et al, 2013;Gao et al, 2014). Interestingly, PHOTOPERIOD1 (Ppd-H1), the barley homolog of the LD repressor OsPRR37, is the major photoperiod response gene in barley and induces flowering under LDs by up-regulating HvFT1, the barley homolog of Hd3a (Turner et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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CONSTANS Controls Floral Repression by Up-Regulating VERNALIZATION2 (VRN-H2) in Barley

Mulki

Korff

2015

Plant Physiol.

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In barley (Hordeum vulgare), PHOTOPERIOD1 (Ppd-H1) acts as a major positive regulator of flowering under long-day conditions, while VERNALIZATION2 (VRN-H2) is a strong repressor of flowering under long days before vernalization. By contrast, CONSTANS (CO) plays a key role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we study the role of the closest barley CO homologs, HvCO1 and HvCO2, in the long day-dependent control of flowering and their interactions with Ppd-H1 and VRN-H2. HvCO2 overexpression in spring barley, with a natural deletion of the VRN-H2 locus, caused a Ppd-H1-dependent induction of flowering and FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (HvFT1) expression. In winter barley, which carries the VRN-H2 locus, overexpression of HvCO1/CO2 caused an up-regulation of VRN-H2, resulting in a reduced expression of HvFT1 and delayed flowering under long-and short-day conditions. In addition, natural variation at Ppd-H1 altered the expression of VRN-H2 in wild-type plants under long days. VRN-H2, in turn, was involved in the down-regulation of Ppd-H1 and HvCO2, demonstrating strong reciprocal interactions between HvCO2, Ppd-H1, and VRN-H2. Consequently, this study showed that the induction of the floral repressor VRN-H2 and the floral activator HvFT1 was regulated by the same genes, Ppd-H1 and HvCO1/CO2. Our findings provide a novel insight into the photoperiodic regulation of the vernalization pathway in barley.Flowering is one of the most critical stages in the life cycle of plants. The coincidence of flowering with favorable conditions ensures that seed production is maximized and enhances the chances of successful reproduction. A key adaptive mechanism to achieve this coincidence is sensing changes in daylength or photoperiod (Greenup et al., 2009). Long photoperiods promote flowering in the model and facultative long-day (LD) plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the activity of CONSTANS (CO), a transcription factor that binds to the promotor of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which, in turn, induces the floral transition (Putterill et al., 1995;Tiwari et al., 2010). CO encodes a protein with two zinc finger B-boxes and a CCT (CONSTANS, CONSTANS-like, and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 [TOC1]) domain (Robson et al., 2001). CO transcription is regulated by the circadian clock and its components in a way that allows the accumulation of CO mRNA at the end of the light period of long days (LDs) but after dusk in short days (SDs; Imaizumi et al., 2005;Fornara et al., 2009). The CO protein is stabilized by photoreceptors in the light and degraded by the ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHO-GENIC1 during the dark, which allows the accumulation of CO at the end of a long day to induce FT transcription (Jang et al., 2008;Turck et al., 2008).The function of CO in controlling the photoperiod response is conserved in the short-day (SD) cereal monocot rice (Oryza sativa). Under inductive SDs, Heading date1 (Hd1), the rice ortholog of CO, promotes flowering by inducing the expression of Hd3a, ...

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confidence: 99%

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CONSTANS Controls Floral Repression by Up-Regulating VERNALIZATION2 (VRN-H2) in Barley

Mulki

Korff

2015

Plant Physiol.

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“…In this study, we found that overexpression of OsMYB1R1-VP64 increased grain yield and plant height in rice by delaying flowering time (Figs 1 and 2). Several rice flowering-related pleiotropic genes such as Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8, and DTH7 were discovered in the last 10 years [4,6,7,9]. These genes delay flowering, increase plant height, and increase grain number.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Many pleiotropic genes that function in delayed flowering along with higher yield have been investigated. Those genes have been described as Days to heading 7 (DTH7), Early heading date 2 (Ehd2), Heading date 1 (Hd1), Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 (Ghd7), and Days to heading 8 (DTH8) [4,[6][7][8][9]. Under natural long-day (NLD) conditions, Ghd7 delays flowering by about 20 days and causes yield increases of 50%, and both Hd1 and DTH8 delay flowering time with increasing grain number per spike.…”

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Overexpression of OsMYB1R1–VP64 fusion protein increases grain yield in rice by delaying flowering time

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2016

FEBS Letters

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Edited by Ulf-Ingo Fl€ ugge VP64 is widely used as a transcriptional activator to investigate the biological function of genes, but its potential for application in genetic improvement of crops has not been fully investigated. Here, we characterized an OsMYB1R1-VP64 fusion protein that enhanced the grain yield of rice cultivar 'Kita-ake' by 35%. OsMYB1R1-VP64 regulated grain yield of transgenic plants mainly by extending the vegetative growth stage. Further analysis indicated that OsMYB1R1-VP64 delayed flowering by down-regulating expression of Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUST 1 (RFT1) through repression of Early heading date 1 (Ehd1). The expression pattern of OsMYB1R1 was constitutive and rhythmically controlled. OsMYB1R1 protein had transcriptional activation activity and was localized to the nucleus. Our findings suggest that the OsMYB1R1-VP64 construct can be used to increase grain yield in rice.Keywords: flowering time; grain yield; VP64 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and is the staple food for more than 75% of the population in Asia [1]. With increasing population and decreasing arable land area more productive varieties are needed to address food shortages. The yield of a rice variety is determined by three important factors, namely effective panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. These in turn are affected by genotype, environmental conditions (physical environment and agronomy), and their interactions. The key genetic factors are tiller number, flowering time, fertility, and seed setting rate. As the transition point, flowering time plays a key role in coordination between vegetative and reproductive growth [2]. Vegetative growth sets the basis of reproductive growth, which involves the formation, quality, and nutritive accumulation of reproductive organs. Flowering time also affects crop yield by enabling crops to gain the maximum benefit from the prevailing conditions [3,4]. Therefore, control and optimization of flowering time has been under intense scrutiny by breeders and agronomists for a long time [5].

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“…The major locus days to heading 7 (DTH7) controls photoperiod sensitivity and affects grain yield in rice. DTH7 encodes a pseudo-response regulator protein whose expression is regulated by photoperiod, for example, under long days, DTH7 acts downstream of the photoreceptor phytochrome B to repress the expression of Ehd1, which is an up-regulator of the florigen genes Hd3 and RFT1, thereby leading to delayed flowering (Gao et al 2014). The combination of DTH7 with grain number, plant height, heading date 7 (Gdh7), and DHT8 haplotypes relates to flowering time and grain yield in rice cultivars across day lengths.…”

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Breeding Self-Fertilizing Plants: From Inbred to Hybrid Cultivars

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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Pollen falls on to the stigma of the same flower in self-fertilizing (selfing) species, which are often annuals with little plant height, small flowers, short bud development time and flower longevity, and small seed sizes. Such associations evolved as a result of a strong r selection that maximizes population growth rate (Snell and Aarssen 2005) by producing many offspring with low surviving probability to adulthood. Most selfing species show hermaphrodite flowers and in some outcrossing occurs up to 5 %, which may be affected by humidity, temperature, and location. There are various mechanisms promoting selfing, for example, cleistogamy ensures complete selfing because foreign pollen cannot reach the stigma of a closed flower that does not open at all. Flowers open but after pollination in some small grain cereals such as rice or wheat, or the anthers surround closely the stigma in some crops of the nightshade family such as tomato. Selfing leads to homozygosity, but selfing species do not show inbreeding depression but may exhibit heterosis. Hence, selfing species cultivars may be inbred lines or hybrids. Composites and multilines are two other cultivar types. The former includes closely related lines such as isogenic (or isolines), while the latter may comprise inbred lines, hybrids, and populations sharing common traits. The methods for crossbreeding selfing species are mass selection, pedigree, bulk, single seed-descent, backcrossing, hybridization, and population improvement through recurrent selection. Plant genetic engineering, DNA marker-assisted breeding, and genomic selection may also be used for breeding selfing species.

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Days to heading 7 , a major quantitative locus determining photoperiod sensitivity and regional adaptation in rice

Abstract: www.pnas.org PNAS |

Cited by 257 publications

References 32 publications

CONSTANS Controls Floral Repression by Up-Regulating VERNALIZATION2 (VRN-H2) in Barley

CONSTANS Controls Floral Repression by Up-Regulating VERNALIZATION2 (VRN-H2) in Barley

Overexpression of OsMYB1R1–VP64 fusion protein increases grain yield in rice by delaying flowering time

Breeding Self-Fertilizing Plants: From Inbred to Hybrid Cultivars

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