<i>Cryptosporidium</i>spp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds

Silverlås, Charlotte; Blanco‐Penedo, Isabel

doi:10.1017/s0950268812000830

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This may explain why they were infected with species usually found in older calves, in contrast with the dairy farms, where neonates are usually raised separately from older animals. However, this hypothesis deserves further investigation because the observations of Silverlås and Blanco-Penedo (2012) showed that calves staying with the dam 3 days after birth excreted the same species of Cryptosporidium than those immediately removed. Here, we also observed differences in distribution of Cryptosporidium species in the same cattle herd over time, while animal management parameters remained comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A chronological sequence of species from birth to adulthood has been suggested by some authors, with C. parvum being predominant in pre-weaned dairy calves (<2 months), C. ryanae and C. bovis occurring mainly in weaned animals and C. andersoni becoming dominant in adult cows (Santín et al, 2004Šlapeta, 2006;Fayer, 2010;Xiao, 2010). For other authors the succession according to the age of dairy calves varies according to geographic area and management system adopted (Feng et al, 2007;Geurden et al, 2007;Silverlås and Blanco-Penedo, 2012). In Belgium, Hungary and the USA, the most prevalent species in young dairy calves (<1 month) was C. parvum (Geurden et al, 2007;Plutzer and Karanis, 2007;Santín et al, 2008), whereas in other countries including Sweden, India and China, C. bovis was shown to be the most prevalent species in young dairy calves (<1 month) (Feng et al, 2007;Silverlås et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from beef calves under one month of age over three successive years in one herd in western France

Rieux

Paraud

Pors

et al. 2014

Veterinary Parasitology

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Cohorts of pre-weaned calves were studied for Cryptosporidium infection over three successive years (2010-2012) in one beef cattle herd in western France. Each year 25-34 calves were sampled weekly from 3 days to one month of age in order to characterize oocyst output, Cryptosporidium species and clinical features associated with infection. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of oocysts using immunofluorescence analysis. DNA was extracted from positive samples and a PCR SSU rRNA followed by RFLP or sequencing was performed. For the subtyping of C. parvum, a gp60 PCR was carried out. Regardless of the year, 92-100% of the animals excreted oocysts on at least one sampling date. Depending on the year of observation, the age of highest prevalence varied. In contrast, the peak of excretion was systematically observed almost at the same age (2nd-3rd week of life) with excretion levels ranging from between 100 and 1.7 × 10(7)oocysts/g of faeces. Differences concerning clinical signs depending on the year of sampling were observed. Different species patterns were observed, with a predominance of C. bovis in the 1st year and a predominance of C. parvum in the last year. Moreover, two zoonotic subtypes of C. parvum, IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA18G2R1, were recorded in different years. This study shows that, in a given farm, the Cryptosporidium species and C. parvum subtypes identified as well as the prevalence of infection and level of excretion may vary greatly and show distinct patterns according to the year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from beef calves under one month of age over three successive years in one herd in western France

Rieux

Paraud

Pors

et al. 2014

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…In developing countries C. bovis is the dominant species in pre-weaned calves, in addition to C. parvum, C. ryanae and C. andersoni (Silverlås et al 2010;Meireles et al 2011;Muhid et al 2011;Wang et al 2011a;Budu-Amoako et al 2012b;Venu et al 2012;Amer et al 2013;Silva et al 2013;Silverlås and Blanco-Penedo, 2013;Zhang et al 2013a). A small number of these studies subtyped C. parvum (Amer et al 2010;Imre et al 2011;Meireles et al 2011;Muhid et al 2011;Wang et al 2011a;Silva et al 2013), with C. parvum IId subtypes identified as the dominant C. parvum in China and Malaysia (Muhid et al 2011;Wang et al 2011a;Zhang et al 2013a) and both IIa and IId dominant in Egypt (Amer et al 2010;.…”

Section: R Y P T O S P O R I D I U M S P E C I E S I N a N I M A L Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

2014

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S U M M A R YCryptosporidium is increasingly recognized as one of the major causes of moderate to severe diarrhoea in developing countries. With treatment options limited, control relies on knowledge of the biology and transmission of the members of the genus responsible for disease. Currently, 26 species are recognized as valid on the basis of morphological, biological and molecular data. Of the nearly 20 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes that have been reported in humans, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are responsible for the majority of infections. Livestock, particularly cattle, are one of the most important reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Domesticated and wild animals can each be infected with several Cryptosporidium species or genotypes that have only a narrow host range and therefore have no major public health significance. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques will significantly improve our understanding of the taxonomy and transmission of Cryptosporidium species, and the investigation of outbreaks and monitoring of emerging and virulent subtypes. Important research gaps remain including a lack of subtyping tools for many Cryptosporidium species of public and veterinary health importance, and poor understanding of the genetic determinants of host specificity of Cryptosporidium species and impact of climate change on the transmission of Cryptosporidium.

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“…Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are widespread and debilitating diseases in calves, and cattle often host the zoonotic C. parvum and to a lesser degree also G. duodenalis Assemblage A. Thus, cattle have frequently been the 5 subject of Cryptosporidium and Giardia surveys Maddox-Hyttel et al, 2006;Silverlås et al, 2013). The opposite applies for pigs, where cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis generally have been disregarded.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Danish organic pig farms: Seasonal and age-related variation in prevalence, infection intensity and species/genotypes

Petersen

Wang

Katakam

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Highlights High Cryptosporidium and Giardia prevalence in organic pigs throughout the year  Piglets predominantly hosted C. suis, while older pigs mainly hosted C. scrofarum 2  The intensity of infection was >6 x higher for C. suis compared to C. scrofarum  Crypto/Giardia infected pigs excreted fewer oocysts compared to mono-infected pigs  Public health risk of Cryptosporidium/Giardia in Danish organic pigs seems negligible AbstractAlthough pigs are commonly infected with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis, including potentially zoonotic species or genotypes, little is known about age-related infection levels, seasonal differences and genetic variation in naturally infected pigs raised in organic management systems. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess seasonal and agerelated variations in prevalence and infection intensity of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, evaluate zoonotic potential and uncover correlations between species/genotypes, infection intensity and faecal consistency. Shedding of oocysts and cysts ((oo-)cysts) was monitored at quarterly intervals (September 2011 to June 2012) in piglets (n=152), starter pigs (n=234), fatteners (n=230) and sows (n=240) from three organic farms in Denmark. (Oo-)cysts were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy; and 56/75 subsamples from Cryptosporidium infected pigs were successfully analysed by PCR amplification and partial sequencing of the small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA and hsp70 genes, while 13/67 Giardia subsamples were successfully analysed by amplification and partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA and the gdh genes. Altogether, Cryptosporidium or Giardia infections were observed in 40.9% (350/856) and 14.0% (120/856) of the pigs, respectively, including 8.2% (70/856) infected with both parasites. Prevalence, intensity of infections and presence of Cryptosporidium species varied significantly between age-groups; 53.3% piglets, 72.2% starter pigs, 40.4% fatteners and 2.9% sows were infected with Cryptosporidium, whereas 2.0% piglets, 27.4% starter pigs, 17.8% fatteners and 5.0% sows were infected with Giardia. The overall prevalence was stable throughout the year, except for dual-infections that were more prevalent in September and 3 December (p<0.05). The infection intensity was age-related for both parasites, and dualinfected pigs tended to excrete lower levels of oocysts compared to pigs harbouring only Cryptosporidium. Likewise, pigs infected with C. scrofarum excreted fewer oocysts (mean CPG: 54,848±194,508 CI: 9085-118,781) compared to pigs infected with C. suis (mean OPG: 351,035±351,035 CI: 67,117). No correlation between faecal consistency and (oo-)cyst excretion levels was observed.Of the successfully genotyped isolates, 38/56 (67.9%) were C. scrofarum and 18/56 (32.1%) were C. suis, while the livestock specific G. duodenalis Assemblage E was detected in 11/13 (84.6%) isolates and the potentially zoonotic Assemblage A was identified in 2/13 (15.4%)isolates. Piglets exclusively hosted C. suis, with one exception, while starter...

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Cryptosporidiumspp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from beef calves under one month of age over three successive years in one herd in western France

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from beef calves under one month of age over three successive years in one herd in western France

Cryptosporidiumspecies in humans and animals: current understanding and research needs

Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Danish organic pig farms: Seasonal and age-related variation in prevalence, infection intensity and species/genotypes

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