<i>Cryphonectria hypovirus</i> 1 (<scp>CHV</scp>‐1) survey reveals low occurrence and diversity of subtypes in <scp>NE</scp> Spain

Castaño, Carles; Bassié, Ludovic; Oliach, Daniel; Gómez, M.; Medina, Vicente; Liu, B.; Colinas, Carlos

doi:10.1111/efp.12131

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…One reason for the clonal reproduction of the fungus, even in the case of the availability of a sexual mate, could be the suppressive effect of the mycovirus, which infects C. parasitica, decreases its fertility and forces the fungus to reproduce mainly asexually [65]. CHV-1 is frequently detected in Italy and other western European populations [13,20,21,27,[66][67][68] and its presence could strongly limit the sexual reproduction of C. parasitica. Low sexual reproduction causes clonality, leading to a better spread of the mycovirus among the host populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Ahmad

Baric

2022

Forests

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Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, is one of the most important pathogens of forest trees. In Europe, mycovirus-mediated biocontrol is the most efficient method to control the disease but can be impeded by the lack of information about the population structure of the fungus within a region. In particular, sexual reproduction and the new introduction of the pathogen can complicate biocontrol strategies. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the population structure of C. parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, in the northern Italian region of South Tyrol, using eleven multilocus microsatellite markers. Fifty-one haplotypes were found across South Tyrol, belonging to three divergent clusters. Recombinant genotypes demonstrated that sexual reproduction occurs across the different clusters. The most dominant genotypes in the region were also the most dominant in neighboring areas, such as Switzerland, northern Italy and France. All of the clusters from South Tyrol were related to the Italian genotype pool and are thought to have been introduced from northern Italian and other European populations due to naturally occurring gene flow or human-mediated introduction. At least three separate introduction events of C. parasitica might have happened in South Tyrol that could be separated by time. This study demonstrated a high genetic diversity of C. parasitica in South Tyrol and helped to shed light on the sexual reproduction and introduction events in the local populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Ahmad

Baric

2022

Forests

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“…Virus RNA was amplified and sequenced in L‐6 and Db‐1 using the protocol described by Pérez‐Sierra et al . BLAST searches were conducted for preliminary identifications, after which data sets that included all of the most up‐to‐date GenBank sequences of CHV‐1 types (I, D, E, F1, F2 and G), CHV‐1 subtype I haplotypes, other hypoviruses (CHV‐2, ‐3 and ‐4), reoviruses (CpMyRV1 and ‐2) and mitovirus (CpMV1) were compiled in MEGA 5 . Sequences were aligned with MAFFT v. 6, using the FFT‐NS‐i option.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypovirulent effect of theCryphonectria hypovirus 1in British isolates ofCryphonectria parasitica

Romon-Ochoa

Gorton

Lewis

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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Background Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is controlled in many European countries by the naturally occurring mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1). During surveys of recently identified chestnut blight outbreak in England, CHV‐1 was detected in several individuals of the pathogen isolated from affected trees. We investigated two of these CHV‐1‐infected isolates (L‐6 and Db‐1) as potential biocontrol agents for deployment in the UK comparing their virulence against virus‐free (M1275) and hypovirulent (M784) European isolates by inoculating sweet chestnut seedlings. Results Both the European CHV‐1 M784 hypovirulent isolate and UK L‐6 isolate formed significantly smaller lesions in sweet chestnut seedling bark than the other three isolates (Db‐1, and virulent isolates FTC121 and M1275). The highest virus concentration was detected in isolate M784, followed by L‐6, with the lowest concentration in isolate Db‐1. White colony colouration indicative of hypovirulence was common in colonies re‐isolated from smaller lesions, and the same isolates also tended to be slower growing in culture, have a higher virus concentration, and caused less epicormic growth and fewer stromata to be present in plants. L‐6 and Db‐1 virus sequences, respectively, matched the virus haplotype E‐5 detected previously in Switzerland and a mutation of the same subtype I haplotype. Conclusion Isolate L‐6 could potentially act as biocontrol for chestnut blight outbreaks in the UK but further laboratory and field experiments are needed. © 2019 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…It should be noted that there are still areas in which chestnut blight is present but CHV-1 has not been detected or its prevalence is very low. Such areas include Portugal (Braganc¸a et al, 2007), Spain (Castano et al, 2015;Zamora et al, 2012), Bulgaria , Romania (Adamcikova et al, 2015), northern Switzerland (Hoegger et al, 2000) and the Aegean region of Turkey (Erincik et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cryphonectria Hypovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight: invasion history, population biology and disease control

Rigling

Prospero

2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

351

295

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Summary Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is a devastating disease infecting American and European chestnut trees. The pathogen is native to East Asia and was spread to other continents via infected chestnut plants. This review summarizes the current state of research on this pathogen with a special emphasis on its interaction with a hyperparasitic mycovirus that acts as a biological control agent of chestnut blight. Taxonomy Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. is a Sordariomycete (ascomycete) fungus in the family Cryphonectriaceae (Order Diaporthales). Closely related species that can also be found on chestnut include Cryphonectria radicalis, Cryphonectria naterciae and Cryphonectria japonica. Host range Major hosts are species in the genus Castanea (Family Fagaceae), particularly the American chestnut (C. dentata), the European chestnut (C. sativa), the Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) and the Japanese chestnut (C. crenata). Minor incidental hosts include oaks (Quercus spp.), maples (Acer spp.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and American chinkapin (Castanea pumila). Disease symptoms Cryphonectria parasitica causes perennial necrotic lesions (so‐called cankers) on the bark of stems and branches of susceptible host trees, eventually leading to wilting of the plant part distal to the infection. Chestnut blight cankers are characterized by the presence of mycelial fans and fruiting bodies of the pathogen. Below the canker the tree may react by producing epicormic shoots. Non‐lethal, superficial or callusing cankers on susceptible host trees are usually associated with mycovirus‐induced hypovirulence. Disease control After the introduction of C. parasitica into a new area, eradication efforts by cutting and burning the infected plants/trees have mostly failed. In Europe, the mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) acts as a successful biological control agent of chestnut blight by causing so‐called hypovirulence. CHV‐1 infects C. parasitica and reduces its parasitic growth and sporulation capacity. Individual cankers can be therapeutically treated with hypovirus‐infected C. parasitica strains. The hypovirus may subsequently spread to untreated cankers and become established in the C. parasitica population. Hypovirulence is present in many chestnut‐growing regions of Europe, either resulting naturally or after biological control treatments. In North America, disease management of chestnut blight is mainly focused on breeding with the goal to backcross the Chinese chestnut's blight resistance into the American chestnut genome.

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Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV‐1) survey reveals low occurrence and diversity of subtypes in NE Spain

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy)

Hypovirulent effect of theCryphonectria hypovirus 1in British isolates ofCryphonectria parasitica

Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight: invasion history, population biology and disease control

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