<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> (Q fever) prevalence in associated populations of humans and small ruminants in The Gambia

Bok, Jeroen; Hogerwerf, Lenny; Germeraad, Evelien A.; Roest, H.I.J.; Faye-Joof, Tisbeh; Jeng, Momodou; Nwakanma, Davis; Secka, Arss; Stegeman, Arjan; Goossens, B.; Wegmüller, Rita; Sande, Marianne A. B. van der; Hoek, Wim van der; Secka, Ousman

doi:10.1111/tmi.12827

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…[20,21,22,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]; nine reporting on Leptospira spp. [22,26,27,28,43,44,45,46,47]; 13 reporting on Coxiella burnetii [23,24,25,39,40,41,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]; five on Mycobacterium bovis [42,55,56,57,58]; eight on Rickettsia spp. [25,53,54,59,60,61,62,63]; five reporting on Anaplasma spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five articles probed the presence of Q fever in human and animal hosts [41,48,50,51,52]. Abdel-Moein and Hamza examined vaginal discharges and placental cotyledons from animals that had aborted and found an overall prevalence of 0.9%, with the highest prevalence of Q fever being found in goats (3.4%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a Gambia study, a 24.9% seropositivity rate in small ruminants and 3.8–9.7% in adults, depending on the ELISA test cut off, was reported [51]. Having at least one seropositive animal in a compound was determined to be a risk factor for human seropositivity (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.09–14.44) [51]. Wardrop et al (2016) found overall C. burnetii seroprevalence in cattle and humans to be 10.5% and 2.5%, respectively [52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bok et al (2017) determined that having at least one seropositive animal (small ruminant) in one’s compound was a risk factor for human seropositivity [51], highlighting the relationship between seropositivity and closeness of contact with infected animals. Other studies found risk factors for human infection included exposure to goats, cattle and animal slaughters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The interconnections between humans, animals and the environment are essential to understand the spread and subsequent containment of zoonoses. We searched three scientific databases for articles relevant to the epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses/zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including disease prevalence and control measures in humans and multiple animal species, in various African countries within the period from 2008 to 2018. The review identified 1966 articles, of which 58 studies in 29 countries met the quality criteria for data extraction. The prevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever ranged from 0–40%, 1.1–24% and 0.9–28.2%, respectively, depending on geographical location and even higher in suspected outbreak cases. Risk factors for human zoonotic infection included exposure to livestock and animal slaughters. Dietary factors linked with seropositivity were found to include consumption of raw milk and locally fermented milk products. It was found that zoonoses such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, Q fever and rickettsiosis among others are frequently under/misdiagnosed in febrile patients seeking treatment at healthcare centres, leading to overdiagnoses of more familiar febrile conditions such as malaria and typhoid fever. The interactions at the human–animal interface contribute substantially to zoonotic infections. Seroprevalence of the various zoonoses varies by geographic location and species. There is a need to build laboratory capacity and effective surveillance processes for timely and effective detection and control of zoonoses in Africa. A multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to tackle zoonoses is critical in the fight against zoonotic diseases. The impacts of zoonoses include: (1) Humans are always in contact with animals including livestock and zoonoses are causing serious life-threatening infections in humans. Almost 75% of the recent major global disease outbreaks have a zoonotic origin. (2) Zoonoses are a global health challenge represented either by well-known or newly emerging zoonotic diseases. (3) Zoonoses are caused by all-known cellular (bacteria, fungi and parasites) and noncellular (viruses or prions) pathogens. (4) There are limited data on zoonotic diseases from Africa. The fact that human health and animal health are inextricably linked, global coordinated and well-established interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to successfully fight and reduce the health burden due to zoonoses. This critically requires integrated data from both humans and animals on zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

2019

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“…A number of studies have associated livestock production as a significant risk factor for the acquisition of Q fever by humans. Direct evidence was provided in a recent study of small ruminants and humans in Gambia, which identified that the presence of a C. burnetii positive animal in a compound was a significant risk factor in human infection (Bok et al, 2017).…”

Section: Livestock and Human Cross Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current perspectives on the transmission of Q fever: Highlighting the need for a systematic molecular approach for a neglected disease in Africa

et al. 2019

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The epidemiology of febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for diagnosis and management

Maze

Bassat²,

Feasey

et al. 2018

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

109

123

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Understanding the local epidemiology of fever aetiology, and the use of diagnostics including malaria and HIV rapid-diagnostic tests, guides healthcare workers in the management of patients with fever. Current challenges for clinicians include assessing which ambulatory patients require antibacterial drugs, and identifying hospitalized patients infected with organisms that are not susceptible to empiric antibacterial regimens.

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Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) prevalence in associated populations of humans and small ruminants in The Gambia

Abstract: Coxiella burnetii infection is endemic among both humans and small ruminants in this area of The Gambia. Human and animal exposure to C. burnetii were related at compound level. Further research into the clinical relevance of C. burnetii infection in West Africa is needed.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

Current perspectives on the transmission of Q fever: Highlighting the need for a systematic molecular approach for a neglected disease in Africa

The epidemiology of febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for diagnosis and management

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