<i>Corynebacterium parvum</i>‐Induced Peritoneal Exudate Cells with Rapid Cytolytic Activity against Tumour Cells are Non‐Phagocytic Cells with Characteristics of Natural Killer Cells

Ojo, Emmanuel; Haller, Otto; Wigzell, Hans

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00513.x

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Of interest was the observation of a slight stimulation of nonadherent cell tumoricidal capability in PCB-exposed mice and a depression in adherent cell cytocidal capacity. Since NK cells as well as activated macrophages may kill target cells by an antibody-dependent as well as an antibodyindependent means (58,59), the present results may suggest that NK cells are the target cells which are impaired in dieldrin-treated mice and that macrophages, perhaps activated in vitro by surface adsorption, are the target cells which are impaired in HCB-treated mice and PCB-treated mice. Since it is possible that NK activity is modulated by macrophages, the use of the beige mouse mutant which has impaired NK activity (60) but not macrophage activity may be useful in dissecting the influence of the xenobiotics on NK versus macrophage tumor cell killing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Loose¹,

Silkworth²,

Charbonneau³

et al. 1981

Environ Health Perspect

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Immunomodulation by environmental chemical contaminants and the role immune parameters play in toxicity and risk assessment studies is of increasing concern. Although considerable evidence has indicated that various xenobiotics may be immunosuppressive, little attention has been directed toward ascertaining a specific cellular locus which could be responsible for the impaired immune responsiveness. Since previous studies had suggested a macrophage defect in xenobiotic-induced immunosuppression and since macrophages are integral components of an immune response, an in-depth evaluation of macrophage function was conducted in xenobiotic-exposed mice. Macrophages isolated from mice receiving PCB, HCB, and dieldrin had no alteration in their in vitro O2 consumption while at rest or during phagocytosis. In addition, no alteration in in vitro phagocytic activity, phagocytic capacity or microbicidal activity was demonstrated. However, a significant impairment in the in vivo phagocytic clearance of a labelled antigen and an altered tissue distribution of the antigen was observed and was, perhaps, related, in part, to a significant decrease in serum fibronectin, an opsonic alpha 2 surface-binding glycoprotein. Furthermore, animals exposed to HCB and dieldrin, but not to PCB, had a profound decrease in their resistance to a challenge tumor cell implant which was related to a select alteration in tumor cell killing. The adherent spleen cells from HCB-treated mice had a profound suppression in their tumoricidal activity which was in contrast to dieldrin-treated mice, where the target cell type appeared to be the nonadherent cells. However, although dieldrin-exposed adherent cells (macrophages ?) did nt appear to have an altered tumoricidal capacity, all four macrophage types isolated from dieldrin-treated mice had a significantly impaired ability to process a cellular antigen. Splenic and alveolar macrophages appeared to be the most sensitive cell types to dieldrin. The present studies suggest that macrophage dysfunction may be an integral part of xenobiotic-induced immunosuppression and that the effector but not affector component of macrophage function may be the site of alteration.

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Loose¹,

Silkworth²,

Charbonneau³

et al. 1981

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Even among mononuclear phagocytes and NK cells, the cellular components hitherto stud ied to any considerable extent and accepted as differing in various basic characteristics [10], a clear separation of their activities has turned out to be a far more complicated task than originally expected. Thus, the two effec tor cell populations manifest an almost iden-tical selectivity [2] against certain target cell types and are affected in a similar manner by various modes of intervention known to en hance (BCG, C.parvum, interferon) [1,17,19,23,28,29] or diminish (carrageenan, 89Sr, hydrocortisone, tumor promoters) [8,[16][17][18][19] tumor resistance. It is noteworthy that most of the surface markers present on NK cells are also expressed on other cell types [27,28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination between Macrophage- and NK-Type Tumoricidal Activities via Anti-Asialo GM1 Antibody

1983

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The usefulness of asialo GM1 a glycolipid surface marker, to define the effector cell types involved in tumor resistance in vitro and in vivo was assessed. Pretreatment of rat effector cells with anti-asialo GM1 antibody plus complement in vitro either abrogated or markedly diminished NK activity; in contrast, macrophage-type cytocidal activity was not diminished by such pretreatment. Similarly, systemic inoculation of anti-asialo GM1 antibody selectively eliminated NK activity, leaving macrophage-type tumoricidal reactivity intact. Finally, such pretreatment did not diminish host resistance in an in vivo tumor model in which the available evidence suggests a critical role for macrophages. The asialo GM1 marker may thus be useful in delimitating the tumoricidal capacity of cells exhibiting NK activity from that mediated by other cell types.

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“…inoculation. Recent surveys have shown similar interstrain variations in the biological activities of C. parvrum in mice (O'Neill et al, 1973;McBride et al, 1975) including anti-tumour activity and the ability to indtuce splenomegaly and inflammatory peritoneal exudates (McBride et al, 1975).…”

Section: Adherence Properties Of the Cytotoxic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Thus C. parvum resembles tumour cells (Dawkins & Shellam, 1979b) (Herberman et al, 1977;Wolfe et al, 1977;Ojo et al, 1978b) and evidence suggests that the common property of such stimulatory agents is the ability to induce the formation of interferon (Gidlund et al, 1978), the NK-stimulating effect of which has been well documented (Trinchieri & Santoli, 1978;Gidlund et al, 1978;Djeu et al, 1979).…”

Section: Observations)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors affecting stimulation of natural cytotoxicity to a rat lymphoma by Corynebacterium parvum

Flexman¹,

Shellam²

1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-Differences were seen in the ability of 2 strains of C. parvum to augment cytotoxicity attributable to NK cells towards a rat lymphoma. Furthermore, 2 batches of the same strain of C. parvum prepared by different methods also differed in their ability to augment cytotoxicity. Other factors influencing cytotoxicity were dose, route of inoculation and time after injection at which the assay was performed. Although all preparations of C. parvum augmented the cytotoxicity of peritoneal-exudate cells when injected i.p., only the most stimulatory preparation consistently augmented splenic cytotoxicity when given by this route. I.v. administration of 1 mg of C. parvum produced peak levels of splenic cytotoxicity 2-3 days later, but this response was strictly dose-dependent, since 1 ,ug depressed splenic cytotoxicity. This dose-dependent effect also extended to ADCC, since 1 mg stimulated cytotoxicity towards antibody-coated P815 cells, whilst 1 ,Lg depressed it in a manner similar to its effect on natural cytotoxicity. Whilst the cytotoxic cells of stimulated rats closely resembled the NK cells of normal rats, BN rats responded differently to C. parvum from W/Fu or WAG rats, in that marked lysis of P815 or RBL-5 cells was observed, though these targets are usually resistant to lysis by rat NK cells in short-term assays.

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Corynebacterium parvum‐Induced Peritoneal Exudate Cells with Rapid Cytolytic Activity against Tumour Cells are Non‐Phagocytic Cells with Characteristics of Natural Killer Cells

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Environmental chemical-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Discrimination between Macrophage- and NK-Type Tumoricidal Activities via Anti-Asialo GM1 Antibody

Factors affecting stimulation of natural cytotoxicity to a rat lymphoma by Corynebacterium parvum

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