<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> Infection in Mahajanga, Madagascar: First Case Report

Rakotomalala, Rivo Solotiana; Andrianirina, Zafitsara Zo; Ratsima, Elisoa; Randrianandraina, Patrick; Randrianirina, Frédérique; Edosoa, Glenn; Rabenandrianina, Tahirimalala; Badell, Edgar; Toubiana, Julie; Andrianarimanana, Diavolana; Brisse, Sylvain; Rasamindrakotroka, Andry

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmaa064

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Also, in a child case report, C. diphtheriae was identified from a throat swab. The patient developed multiple organ dysfunctions, such as (14). This study aims to report the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy related to the presence of Corynebacterium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in Didelphis albiventris cubs

Vieira,

Duarte,

Medeiros

et al. 2023

BJVP

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The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the clinical-pathological aspects of cardiac hypertrophy related to the presence of Corynebacterium spp. in three Didelphis albiventris cubs. In necropsy, macroscopically, in the heart, cardiomegaly, concentric hypertrophy of the ventricles and the ventricular septum were observed, with consequent reduction of the chamber. Microscopically, the primary lesions found in the heart were cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and necrosis, myocytolysis, and the presence of myriad basophilic bacteria. Liver fragments and endocardial swabs were sent for bacterial culture, in which pleomorphic Gram-positive rods grew, forming small and hemolytic colonies. Chemical tests demonstrated characteristics compatible with Corynebacterium spp. Thus, this report represents the first description of cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in white-eared opossums cubs, representing an essential contribution to studying diseases in wild animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in Didelphis albiventris cubs

Vieira,

Duarte,

Medeiros

et al. 2023

BJVP

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“…Other than reported cases, relatively little is known about the epidemiology of diphtheria in the Indian Ocean Region [9], and specifically in Madagascar. From 2011 to 2015, Madagascar reported the third largest number of diphtheria cases per country (1633 cases) after India (18350 cases) and Indonesia (3203 cases), despite decades of distribution of the diphtheriatetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine (Figure 1A) [10]. Diphtheria vaccines were adopted in Madagascar in 1976 as part of the Expanded Programme on Immunization [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging serology to titrate immunisation programme functionality for diphtheria in Madagascar

et al. 2022

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Diphtheria is a potentially devastating disease whose epidemiology remains poorly described in many settings, including Madagascar. Diphtheria vaccination is delivered in combination with pertussis and tetanus antigens and coverage of this vaccine is often used as a core measure of health system functioning. However, it is difficult to estimate due to the difficulty in translating numbers of doses delivered into numbers of children effectively immunized. Serology provides an alternative lens onto immunization, but is complicated by challenges in discriminating between natural and vaccine-derived seropositivity. Here, we leverage known features of the serological profile of diphtheria to bound expectations for vaccine coverage for diphtheria, and further refine these using serology for pertussis. We measured diphtheria antibody titres in 185 children aged 6-11 months and 362 children aged 8-15 years and analyzed them with pertussis antibody titres previously measured for each individual. Levels of diphtheria seronegativity varied among age groups (18.9% of children aged 6-11 months old and 11.3% of children aged 8-15 years old were seronegative) and also among the districts. We also find surprisingly elevated levels of individuals seropositive to diphtheria but not pertussis in the 6-11 month old age group suggesting that vaccination coverage or efficacy of the pertussis component of the DTP vaccine remains low or that natural infection of diphtheria may be playing a significant role in seropositivity in Madagascar.

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Waning rate of immunity and duration of protective immunity against diphtheria toxoid as a function of age and number of doses: Systematic review and quantitative data analysis

Kitamura

Bahkali

Chem

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Although the burden of diphtheria has declined greatly since the introduction of vaccines, sporadic outbreaks continue to be reported. WHO recommends booster doses after a primary series, but questions remain about the optimal interval between these doses. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative data analysis to quantify the duration of protective immunity after different numbers of doses. Fifteen cross-sectional seroprevalence studies provided data on geometric mean concentration (GMC). Single-year age-stratified GMCs were analyzed using a mixed-effect linear regression model with a random intercept incorporating the between-country variability. GMC was estimated to decline to 0.1 IU/ml in 2.5 years (95% CI: 0.9–4.0), 10.3 years (95% CI: 7.1–13.6), and 25.1 years (95% CI: 7.6–42.6) after receiving three, four and five doses, respectively. The results drawn from cross-sectional data collected in countries with different epidemiologies, vaccines, and schedules had several limitations. However, these analyses contribute to the discussion of optimal timing between booster doses of diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection in Mahajanga, Madagascar: First Case Report

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in Didelphis albiventris cubs

Cardiac hypertrophy associated with Corynebacterium spp. in Didelphis albiventris cubs

Leveraging serology to titrate immunisation programme functionality for diphtheria in Madagascar

Waning rate of immunity and duration of protective immunity against diphtheria toxoid as a function of age and number of doses: Systematic review and quantitative data analysis

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