<i>Colloquium</i>: Persistent spin textures in semiconductor nanostructures

Schliemann, John

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.011001

Cited by 162 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The study of a relativistic interaction, i.e., the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), has been one of the central themes in the context of spintronics, branch of electronics aiming at utilizing the electron's spin degree of freedom for device applications. 1 Many intriguing SOC-related phenomena were observed, such as spin relaxation 2,3 , optical spin orientation 4 , spin Hall effects [5][6][7][8] , persistent spin structures [9][10][11] , hidden spin polarization in centrosymmetric systems 12 , and the spin galvanic effects 13,14 . In particular, Dresselhaus 15 and Rashba [16][17][18] demonstrated that SOC splits spin-up and spin-down bands in nonmagnetic systems lacking inversion symmetry, inducing an effective magnetic field that depends on the crystal momentum k. Although the Dresselhaus and Rashba effects lead to different spin polarizations of the energy bands, they result in a similar band dispersion: the original spin degenerate bands split so that spin-up and spin-down bands shift towards opposite directions in k space, as shown in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Band splitting with vanishing spin polarizations in noncentrosymmetric crystals

Luo

et al. 2019

Nat Commun

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The Dresselhaus and Rashba effects are well-known phenomena in solid-state physics, in which spin–orbit coupling splits spin-up and spin-down energy bands of nonmagnetic non-centrosymmetric crystals. Here, we discuss a phenomenon we dub band splitting with vanishing spin polarizations (BSVSP), in which, as usual, spin-orbit coupling splits the energy bands in nonmagnetic non-centrosymmetric systems. Surprisingly, however, both split bands show no net spin polarization along certain high-symmetry lines in the Brillouin zone. In order to rationalize this phenomenon, we propose a classification of point groups into pseudo-polar and non-pseudo-polar groups. By means of first-principles simulations, we demonstrate that BSVSP can take place in both symmorphic (e.g., bulk GaAs) and non-symmorphic systems (e.g., two dimensional ferroelectric SnTe). Furthermore, we identify a linear magnetoelectric coupling in reciprocal space, which could be employed to tune the spin polarization with an external electric field. The BSVSP effect and its manipulation could therefore form the basis for future spintronic devices.

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confidence: 99%

Band splitting with vanishing spin polarizations in noncentrosymmetric crystals

Luo

et al. 2019

Nat Commun

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“…By fitting the experimental data with an appropriate theoretical model, it is possible to extract SOC strengths as well as dephasing, scattering, and, most prominently, spin relaxation rates [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Notably, a crossover from WAL to WL can even indicate spin-preserving symmetries [19][20][21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetoconductance correction in zinc-blende semiconductor nanowires with spin-orbit coupling

et al. 2017

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We study the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the magnetoconductivity in diffusive cylindrical semiconductor nanowires. Following up on our former study on tubular semiconductor nanowires, we focus in this paper on nanowire systems where no surface accumulation layer is formed but instead the electron wave function extends over the entire cross section. We take into account the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling resulting from a zinc-blende lattice and the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, which is controlled by a lateral gate electrode. The spin relaxation rate due to Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling is found to depend neither on the spin density component nor on the wire growth direction and is unaffected by the radial boundary. In contrast, the Rashba spin relaxation rate is strongly reduced for a wire radius that is smaller than the spin precession length. The derived model is fitted to the data of magnetoconductance measurements of a heavily doped back-gated InAs nanowire and transport parameters are extracted. At last, we compare our results to previous theoretical and experimental studies and discuss the occurring discrepancies.

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“…23, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Lead-and tin-based HOP possess a natural talent for Rashba and Dresslhaus couplings with a large SOC induced by Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ ions and a diverse zoology of crystal structures, including many deprived of centrosymmetry. It should be pointed out, that all the reported structures for lead, Page 5 of 29 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t tin or germanium halide perovskites are non-magnetic leading to a time-reversal symmetry of the electronic band structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rashba and Dresselhaus Couplings in Halide Perovskites: Accomplishments and Opportunities for Spintronics and Spin–Orbitronics

Képénékian

Even

2017

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

169

181

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In halide hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOP), spin-orbit coupling (SOC) presents a well-documented large influence on band structure. However, SOC may also present more exotic effects, such as Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings. In this perspective, we start by recalling the main features of this effect and what makes HOP materials ideal candidates for the generation and tuning of spin-states. Then, we detail the main spectroscopy techniques able to characterize these effects and their application to HOP. Finally, we discuss potential applications in spintronics and in spin-orbitronics in those non-magnetic systems, that would complete the skill set of HOP and perpetuate its ride on the crest of the wave of popularity started with optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Graphical TOC EntryPage 2 of 29 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p tThe continuous success of halide hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOP) as solar cell active materials follows several paths. The main activity after 2012 consisted in the search for improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in typical laboratory configuration (small area, controlled environment). It led to an unprecedented growth of the PCE that has repeatedly reached record values over 22%. 1,2 Meanwhile, another branch of HOP studies have been focused on improving the stability of those cells unfortunately sensitive to light and moisture. 3,4 Opting for various mixtures of halide and cations, 2 various forms, e.g. layered HOP, [5][6][7] or by encapsulating the materials, the stability went from few hours to several thousands hours. Encouraged by these breakthroughs, a third path has pushed the area of hight performance solar cells from less than 1 cm 2 up to 50 cm 2 with a PCE of 12.6%, 8 bringing the perovskite solar cells even closer to commercial use.A common point to all these record HOP materials is the presence of lead. Even though a large effort has been and still is dedicated to the search for efficient lead-free HOP materials, 9,10 their current record PCE remains around 6.4%. 11 It is certainly unfortunate for solar cells because of the known toxicity of lead, 12 even though solutions have early been proposed, 13,14 however, due to the large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) exhibited by Pb, it represents a great opportunity for optoelectronics, spintronics and spin-orbitronics applications where undesired heavy elements can find a place (e.g. arsenic, cadmium).The first identified effect of SOC in HOP materials has been a surprising giant splitting of conduction bands, 15,16 instead of the usual valence band splitting observed in classical semiconductors. 17 It has a strong influence on the band gap energy as well as on the effective masses and the oscillator strength of the optical transitions at the band gap. The chan...

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Colloquium: Persistent spin textures in semiconductor nanostructures

Cited by 162 publications

References 182 publications

Band splitting with vanishing spin polarizations in noncentrosymmetric crystals

Band splitting with vanishing spin polarizations in noncentrosymmetric crystals

Magnetoconductance correction in zinc-blende semiconductor nanowires with spin-orbit coupling

Rashba and Dresselhaus Couplings in Halide Perovskites: Accomplishments and Opportunities for Spintronics and Spin–Orbitronics

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