Colletotrichum fructicola associated with fruit anthracnose of persimmon

Abstract

The commercially known persimmon fruit came from the genus Diospyros in the family Ebenaceae. Four species of persimmon, namely D. oleifera, D. virginiana, D. lotus and D. kaki (Kitagawa & Glucina, 1984), dominate the current commercial production.Persimmons have high nutritional content, such as sugars, vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenol, that plays a major role in the human diet (Giordani et al., 2011). The Philippines does not cultivate persimmon, so fruits are imported from countries like Korea, China, Hong Kong, New Zealand and Spain (UN Comtrade Database, 2021). In 2020, the country imported 1,207 metric tons of persimmon fruits (valued at 2,192,687 USD), with Korea being the dominant supplier accounting for 83% of the total imports (UN Comtrade Database, 2021). From 2015 to 2019, the production of persimmons worldwide had a minor drop from 4.3 million tonnes to 4.2 million tonnes (FAOSTAT, 2019).Anthracnose is a plant disease in which most cases are attributed to the genus Colletotrichum. The disease is characterized by dark, sunken, necrotic lesions observed on young and mature plant parts (Freeman et al., 1998). The disease can be observed at any stage of plant growth and may wipe out an entire orchard and result in reduced fruit harvest. Moreover, anthracnose symptoms can also be seen in postharvest conditions that cause major reductions in fruit yield and quality. In persimmon, different Colletotrichum species in the acutatum, boninense, gigasporum and gloeosporioides species complexes that cause anthracnose worldwide have been reported

Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridone Derivatives with Antifungal Activities against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum fructicola

“…Herein, we design a series of chiral pyrazolo­[3,4- b ]­pyridone derivatives for antifungal investigation against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum fructicola for pepper protection. The optically enriched chiral pyrazolo­[3,4- b ]­pyridone molecules could be quickly and enantioselectively synthesized through the NHC-catalyzed enantioselective cycloaddition reaction, with the inexpensive and readily available α-bromo enals 1 and pyrazoles 2 used as the starting materials (Figure c).…”