Cochlodinium heterolobatum n.sp.: Structure and Some Cytophysiological Aspects*

Abstract

SYNOPSIS. Structure and morphogenesis, and cytochemical data on Cochlodinium heterolobatum, a new species of unarmored dinoflagellate, were derived from living and fixed material from culture. C. heterolobatum is characterized by the torsion of the girdle which descends in a left‐hand spiral 1.8 turns; the sulcus having a torsion of 0.8 turn; a sulcus loop in the epicone; a tongue‐shaped lobe in the right hypocone; nucleus in the epicone; and a stigma in the left epicone. Trichocysts and behavior of the nucleus during typical and atypical divisions are described in cells from cultures of different ages. A small form with the specific characters was found. Intracellular bacteria were seen and their growth followed in individuals from cultures of different ages. A possible relationship between those bacteria and the accumulation of metabolites inside old cells is discussed.

Satellite detection of harmful algal bloom occurrences in Korean waters

“…A similar event of C. polykrikoides in the southern China Sea during March and April 1998 has been reported to cause tremendous damage to the coastal aquaculture industry, wiping out 1500 tonnes of farmed fish, which was equivalent to half of the entire Hong Kong aquacultural production of 1997 (Anderson, 1998;Tang et al, 2003). Perhaps, this species was first reported from the Caribbean Sea along the southern coast of Puerto Rico (Margalef, 1961) and northern Atlantic waters along the American east coast, Barnegat bay, New Jersey (Silva, 1967). Although C. polykrikoides is a known red tide species associated with extensive fish kills and great economic loss in Korean and Japanese coastal waters (Kim et al, 1999;Yuki and Yoshimatsu, 1989;Fukuyo et al, 1990), the mechanism of toxicity and toxin production associated with extensive aquaculture fish and mollusk damage have yet to be elucidated (Taylor et al, 1995).…”

Morphology and taxonomy of chain-forming species of the genus Cochlodinium (Dinophyceae)

“…Cochlodinium heterolobatum was first described from the coast of New Jersey, U.S.A. by Silva in 1967. Again unfortunately, Silva (1967 did not examine morphological comparisons between C. polykrikoides and C. heterolobatum, and did not discuss the differences between two species.…”

Taxonomy and Distribution of the Unarmored Dinoflagellates Cochlodinium polykrikoides and C. fulvescens

“…C. catenatum and C. heterolobatum were included in C. polykrikoides due to their morphological similarity, as discussed above. Up until 1990, C. polykrikoides and similar chain-forming Cochlodinium species were reported from Puerto Rico (original description of C. polykrikoides ), New Jersey (as C. heterolobatum Silva), Tokyo Bay and Costa Rica (as C. catenatum Okamura) (Okamura 1916 ;Margalef 1961 ;Silva 1967 ;Hargraves and Víquez 1981 ). Of the other Cochlodinium species, C. geminatum has features common to those of chain-forming Cochlodinium and might be related to C. polykrikoides .…”

“…miniatum Kofoid et Swezy ( 1921 ) C. heterolobatum Silva ( 1967 ) C. atromaculatum Kofoid et Swezy ( 1921 ) C. moniliforme Margalef ( 1961 ) C. pirum (Schütt) Lemmermann (1899) C. augustum Kofoid et Swezy ( 1921 ) C. pellucidum…”