<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>
            in the Environment

Matches, Jack R.; Liston, J.; Curran, Donald

doi:10.1128/am.28.4.655-660.1974

Cited by 44 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, biofilm-forming, anaerobic and pathogenic species (at biosafety Level II) associated with feces [134]. It is among the first fecal indicators in aquatic environments [135]. C. perfringens can be found in the gut of fish and warm-blooded animals, such as pigs and ducks [136][137][138], as well as in some non-enteric environments, such as soil, streams and marine sediments [139,140].…”

Section: Clostridium Perfringensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Indicators for Fecal Pollution Detection and Source Tracking: A Review

Saleem

Edge

et al. 2021

Processes

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Fecal pollution, commonly detected in untreated or less treated sewage, is associated with health risks (e.g., waterborne diseases and antibiotic resistance dissemination), ecological issues (e.g., release of harmful gases in fecal sludge composting, proliferative bacterial/algal growth due to high nutrient loads) and economy losses (e.g., reduced aqua farm harvesting). Therefore, the discharge of untreated domestic sewage to the environment and its agricultural reuse are growing concerns. The goals of fecal pollution detection include fecal waste source tracking and identifying the presence of pathogens, therefore assessing potential health risks. This review summarizes available biological fecal indicators focusing on host specificity, degree of association with fecal pollution, environmental persistence, and quantification methods in fecal pollution assessment. The development of practical tools is a crucial requirement for the implementation of mitigation strategies that may help confine the types of host-specific pathogens and determine the source control point, such as sourcing fecal wastes from point sources and nonpoint sources. Emerging multidisciplinary bacterial enumeration platforms are also discussed, including individual working mechanisms, applications, advantages, and limitations.

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Section: Clostridium Perfringensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Indicators for Fecal Pollution Detection and Source Tracking: A Review

Saleem

Edge

et al. 2021

Processes

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“…However, staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and including S. aureus, have recently been isolated from coastal, offshore, and deep ocean sites [197,198]. Also in conflict with Moore [196] are the frequent isolations of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens from marine sediment [199][200][201].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Coastal Bathing Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters

Elliot

1985

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The use of indicator organisms for estuarine and coastal waters has been reviewed. The natural flora of the environment must be considered in selecting an indicator organism, but, more importantly, recent work which shows a viable but non-recoverable stage of pathogens entering the marine environment demonstrates that the conventional detection of indicator microorganisms is misleading, if not inaccurate. Results suggest that the newly developed epifluorescent/immunofluorescent direct detection of pathogens in the environment may be the most reliable method for determining public health hazards in marine and estuarine waters. INTRODUCTIONThe microbiology of the world oceans and coastal waters has been under study since the late nineteenth century. Among the earliest investigations concerning the number of bacteria and their * To whom correspondence should be addressed. distribution in seawater was that of Russell [1][2][3] who conducted a survey of the distribution of bacteria in the Gulf of Naples. The early workers established general distributional patterns for bacteria in the sea, using agar plate and dilution methods for the enumeration of bacteria. Bacteria were found in small numbers, uniformly distributed in water several miles from shore and at all depths. Early workers also found that the water of harbors and bays may contain large numbers of bacteria, but that the number of bacteria becomes very small at comparatively short distances from shore [4,5]. The work of Fischer is, of course, classic, since he investigated sea water over a wide area of the Atlantic Ocean and found bacteria throughout, the largest numbers being found near land or in the presence of floating seaweed [6,7].Seasonal studies were done by Lloyd [8] in the Clyde Sea, where the waters are relatively shallow. the surface waters were richest in bacteria, the number decreasing with depth but usually increasing slightly at the bottom. A variety of studies was done in the early )'ears of marine microbiology, summarized by Benecke [9] and ZoBell [10]. The observation that direct microscopic examination of seawater showed bacteria to be much more abundant in seawater than cultural methods would 0168-6445/85/$03.30

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“…For this study, two major clusters, the Clostridium perfringens (Cluster I) and the Clostridium coccoides (Cluster XIV) were looked at using group specific primers. Clostridium species from both groups are widely distributed in the environment (Matches et al, 1974;Wiegel et al, 2006) and are also found as part of the normal human gut flora (Wilson, 2005).…”

Section: Clostridium Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Communities Associated with Human Decomposition

Parkinson¹

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<p>Human decomposition is a little-understood process with even less currently known about the microbiology involved. The aim of this research was to investigate the bacterial community associated with exposed decomposing mammalian carcasses on soil and to determine whether changes in this community could potentially be used to determine time since death in forensic investigations. A variety of soil chemistry and molecular biology methods, including molecular profiling tools T-RFLP and DGGE were used to explore how and when bacterial communities change during the course of a decomposition event. General bacterial populations and more specific bacterial groups were examined. Decomposition was shown to cause significant and sequential changes in the bacterial communities within the soil, and changes in the bacterial community often correlated with visual changes in the stage of decomposition. Organisms derived from the cadavers and carcasses were able to be detected, using molecular methods, in the underlying soil throughout the decomposition period studied. There was little correlation found between decomposition stage and the presence and diversity within the specific bacterial groups investigated. Organisms contributing to the changes seen in the bacterial communities using molecular profiling methods were identified using a cloning and sequencing based technique and included soil and environment-derived bacteria, as well as carcass or cadaver-derived organisms. This research demonstrated that pig (Sus scrofa) carcass and human cadaver decomposition result in similar bacterial community changes in soil, confirming that pig carcasses are a good model for studying the microbiology of human decomposition. The inability to control for differences between donated human cadavers made understanding the human cadaver results difficult, whereas pig carcass study allowed many variables to be held constant while others were investigated. The information gained from this study about the bacteria associated with a cadaver and how the community alters over the course of decomposition may, in the future, enable the development of a forensic post mortem interval estimation tool based on these changes in the bacterial community over time. The findings in this thesis suggest that high variability between human bodies and their microflora is likely to present a challenge to the development of such a tool, but further study with emerging high-throughput molecular tools may enable identification of microbial biomarkers for this purpose.</p>

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Clostridium perfringens in the Environment

Cited by 44 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Indicators for Fecal Pollution Detection and Source Tracking: A Review

Biological Indicators for Fecal Pollution Detection and Source Tracking: A Review

Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters

Bacterial Communities Associated with Human Decomposition

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