Clostridium butyricumCombined withBifidobacterium infantisProbiotic Mixture Restores Fecal Microbiota and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Abstract

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is one of the most common complications of most types of antibiotics. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium infantis, and their mixture for AAD treatment in mice. AAD models were administered with single probiotic strain and probiotic mixture for short term and long term to evaluate the changes of the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota, histopathology of the colon, and the systemic inflammation. Our data indicated that long-term probiotic therapy, but not short-term course, exerted beneficial effects on the restoration of the intestinal microbiota, the recovery of the tissue architecture, and attenuation of systemic inflammation. All predominant fecal bacteria reached normal level after the long-term probiotic mixture treatment, while IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α also returned to normal level. However, the efficacy for AAD was time dependent and probiotic strain specific. Short-term administration of probiotic strains or mixture showed no apparent positive effects for AAD. In addition, the beneficial effects of C. butyricum combined with B. infantis probiotic mixture were superior to their single strain. This research showed that supplementation with C. butyricum combined with B. infantis probiotic mixture may be a simple and effective method for AAD treatment.

Early-Life Intervention Using Fecal Microbiota Combined with Probiotics Promotes Gut Microbiota Maturation, Regulates Immune System Development, and Alleviates Weaning Stress in Piglets

“…Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is an aerobic yeast [23], and early intervention with S. boulardii can alleviate porcine neonatal diarrhea [24,25]. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is a probiotic and has been used for the clinical treatment of premature infants with diarrhea by promoting the maturation of the immune function [26][27][28].…”

Bugging inflammation: role of the gut microbiota

“…However, this protective effect was observed in a specific strain (CCM7952) and not in others, suggesting the different genetic make up and specific bacteria‐host interactions even between different strains are important to confer protection 77 . Another animal study showed that the combined effects of Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium infantis protected against colitis, by restoring the gut microbiota 78 . Lactobacillus casei can also modulate the microbiota and protect against colitis, but it requires the dairy delivery matrix of milk for this effect 79 .…”

“…77 Another animal study showed that the combined effects of Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium infantis protected against colitis, by restoring the gut microbiota. 78 Lactobacillus casei can also modulate the microbiota and protect against colitis, but it requires the dairy delivery matrix of milk for this effect. 79 F. prausnitzii and the extracellular polymeric matrix isolated from its biofilm both had anti-inflammatory effects through TLR-2 signalling and modulation of IL-10 and IL-12, ameliorating DSS-induced colitis.…”

Re: Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: Implications for brain and behavior

“…This could yield true insights into the real relationships among gut microbiota, brain development and behavior. In addition, long-term high-dose antibiotic administration might impair the gut mucosal barrier and disturb normal gut homeostasis, resulting in a decline in body weight, diarrhea and anxiety-like behavior (Bercik et al, 2011;Ling et al, 2015). However, potential changes in the gut mucosa and behavior were not evaluated.…”