<i>Clinacanthus nutans</i>
            attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

Azemi, Ahmad Khusairi; Mokhtar, Siti Safiah; Sharif, Sharifah Emilia Tuan; Rasool, Aida Hanum Ghulam

doi:10.1080/13880209.2021.1990357

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Antioxidant activity has been proved to be relevant in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [ 19 ], diabetes [ 20 ], hypertension [ 21 ], lung fibrosis [ 22 ], and tumors [ 23 ]. Therefore, natural products possessing antioxidant activity may present a complementary alternative for the treatment of these diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba

et al. 2022

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Our research focused on the hypoglycemic capability and the possible mechanisms of extract and fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba (PAH) based on α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibition assays, glucose uptake experiment, HPLC-MS analysis, and molecular docking experiment. In addition, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used for determining the antioxidant capability. The results of total flavonoids and phenolics contents showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) possessed the highest flavonoids and phenolics with values of 159.7 ± 2.5 mg rutin equivalents/g and 107.6 ± 2.0 mg galic acid equivalents/g, respectively. The results of in vitro hypoglycemic activity showed that all samples had effective α-glucosidase inhibition capacities, and EAF possessed the best inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 1.58 ± 0.24 μg/mL. In addition, n-butanol fraction (NBF) significantly promoted the glucose uptake rate of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. HPLC-MS analysis and molecular docking results proved the interactions between candidates and α-glucosidase. The results of antioxidation capacities showed that EAF possessed the best antioxidation abilities with DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. In summary, the hypoglycemic activity of PAH might be related to the inhibition of α-glucosidase (EAF > PEF > NBF) and the promotion of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (NBF). Simultaneously, the antioxidation capacity of PAH might be related to the abundant contents of flavonoids and other phenolics (EAF > PEF > NBF).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba

et al. 2022

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“…It has been reported that HFD-induced hyperlipidemia results in a significant increase in serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and AI [ 23 , 24 , 41 ]. The present study demonstrated that TRF for six weeks reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and AI in obese rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using the colorimetric method with Integra 800 automatic immunoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostic Sytems, Manheim, Germany). The serum LDL-C was calculated using Friedwald formula [ 24 ], as follows: LDL-C = TC − (HDL-C + TG/5) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Restricted Feeding Improved Vascular Endothelial Function in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model

Azemi

Siti-Sarah

Mokhtar

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Obesity, where there is enhancement of stored body fat in adipose tissues, is associated with cardiovascular complications that are mainly related to atherosclerosis. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of restricted eating aimed at reducing weight in obese subjects. The present study aims to investigate changes in vascular endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and protein kinase B (Akt) protein expressions with TRF in obese and normal rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two normal and three obese groups; obesity was induced in the obese groups by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks. After six weeks, rats were equally divided into five groups (n = 7 per group): Normal group (NR) which continued on a standard diet for six more weeks, normal group switched to TRF with a standard diet for six weeks (NR + TRFSD), obese group (OR) which continued on HFD for six more weeks, obese group switched to TRF of HFD (OR + TRFHFD), and obese group switched to TRF of a standard diet (OR + TRFSD). TRF was practiced for six weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. Aortic endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations and contractions were assessed using the organ bath. Aortic eNOS and Akt protein expressions were determined using immunoblotting. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, body mass index (BMI), serum lipid profile, Lee’s index, serum insulin levels, and sensitivity (HOMA-IR) were also measured. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly impaired, while endothelium-dependent contraction increased in obese rats compared to that in normal rats. Both obese groups which underwent TRF with a HFD and standard diet improved their impairments in endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction; these were associated with increased expressions of aortic eNOS and Akt protein. Both obese groups with TRF reduced body weight, BMI, Lee’s index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improved insulin sensitivity. TRF improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced endothelium-dependent contraction, thus attenuating endothelial dysfunction in obese rats. These were associated with increased aortic eNOS and Akt protein expressions.

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“…It is widely recognized that chronic low-level inflammation caused by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is a key pathological mechanism that exacerbates diabetic atherosclerosis [ 24 ]. After 12 weeks of BJJ therapy, the expressions of FBG, TC, TG, and LDL-C were reduced, while HDL-C was elevated, confirming our earlier research [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biejiajian Pill Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis through Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Yuan

Feng

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To research the efficacy of Biejiajian pill (BJJ) on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and explore its subsequent mechanisms. Methods. Diabetes-associated atherosclerosis (AS) was established in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice using high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Atorvastatin (ATV, 10 mg/kg/day) or BJJ-L (BJJ low-dose, 0.9 g/kg/day), BJJ-M (BJJ medium-dose, 1.8 g/kg/day), and BJJ-H (BJJ high-dose, 3.6 g/kg/day) were administered to diabetic ApoE−/− mice for 12 continuous weeks. The normal control group consisted of 10 male C57BL/6J mice. Atherosclerosis plaques, vascular endothelial function, fasting blood glucose, lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors, NLRP3 inflammasome expression, and mitochondria and autophagy changes were evaluated. Results. The atherosclerotic lesions areas in the aortas were analyzed through Oil Red O and H&E staining, and they were reduced in the BJJ-H and BJJ-M groups. In the BJJ group, endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were decreased, whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased. Fasting blood glucose levels in the BJJ and ATV groups were gradually decreased. Lipid metabolism parameters such as TG, TC, and LDL-C were reduced, while HDL-C was elevated in BJJ groups. The serum IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased under BJJ therapy. The aortic mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β were inhibited in BJJ-H and BJJ-M groups, especially in the BJJ-H group. Electron microscopy revealed an increase in autophagy in each treatment group. Conclusions. The findings reveal that BJJ could alleviate diabetic atherosclerosis in diabetic ApoE−/− mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.

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Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba

Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts and Fractions from Polygoni Avicularis Herba

Time-Restricted Feeding Improved Vascular Endothelial Function in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model

Biejiajian Pill Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis through Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome

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