<i>Clavibacter</i>

Saddler, G. S.; Kerr, Ellen M.

doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00094

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Growth on nutrient broth yeast extract agar, potato dextrose agar, and a synthetic medium supplemented with yeast extract (necessary for growth) is slow, with visible colonies rarely appearing before 3–4 days have passed (Figure 4a ). The bacterium produces four morphological colony types: orange fluidal colonies typical of the species (Figure 4b ), a nonfluidal dark‐orange variant, a fluidal yellow variant, and a fluidal slightly orange‐pigmented variant that in younger colonies appears almost white at room temperature (22–26°C) (Saddler & Kerr, 2015 ; Smidt & Vidaver, 1987 ). The intensity of pigmentation, however, varies with the temperature and medium (Vidaver & Mandel, 1974 ).…”

Section: Bacteriological Features Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clavibacter nebraskensis causing Goss's wilt of maize: Five decades of detaining the enemy in the New World

Osdaghi

Robertson

Jackson-Ziems

et al. 2022

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight of maize (Zea mays) caused by the gram-positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter nebraskensis is an economically important disease in North America. C. nebraskensis is included within the high-risk list of quarantine pathogens by several plant protection organizations (EPPO code: CORBMI), hence it is under strict quarantine control around the world. The causal agent was reported for the first time on maize in Nebraska (USA) in 1969. After an outbreak during the 1970s, prevalence of the disease decreased in the 1980s to the early 2000s, before the disease resurged causing a serious threat to maize production in North America.The re-emergence of Goss's wilt in the corn belt of the United States led to several novel achievements in understanding the pathogen biology and disease control. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the pathogen taxonomy, biology, and epidemiology as well as management strategies of Goss's wilt disease. First, a taxonomic history of the pathogen is provided followed by symptomology and host range, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity mechanisms of the bacterium. Then, utility of high-throughput molecular approaches in the precise detection and identification of the pathogen and the management strategies of the disease are explained. Finally, we highlight the role of integrated pest management strategies to combat the risk of Goss's wilt in the 21st century maize industry.Disease symptoms: Large (2-15 cm) tan to grey elongated oval lesions with wavy, irregular water-soaked margins on the leaves. The lesions often start at the leaf tip or are associated with wounding caused by hail or wind damage. Small (1 mm in diameter), dark, discontinuous water-soaked spots, known as "freckles", can be observed in the periphery of lesions. When backlit, the freckles appear translucent. Early infection (prior to growth stage V6) may become systemic and cause seedlings to wilt, wither, and die. Coalescence of lesions results in leaf blighting.Host range: Maize (Zea mays) is the only economic host of the pathogen. A number of Poaceae species are reported to act as secondary hosts for C. nebraskensis.

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Section: Bacteriological Features Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%