Citrus unshiu peel suppress the metastatic potential of murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

The peel of Citrus unshiu Marcow. fruits (CU) has long been used as a traditional medicine that has therapeutic effects against pathogenic diseases, including asthma, vomiting, dyspepsia, blood circulation disorders, and various types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of CU peel on metastatic melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, in B16F10 melanoma cells, and in B16F10 cells inoculated‐C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that ethanol extracts of CU (EECU) inhibited cell growth and increased the apoptotic cells in B16F10 cells. EECU also stimulated the induction of mitochondria‐mediated intrinsic pathway, with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, EECU suppressed the migration, invasion, and colony formation of B16F10 cells. In addition, the oral administration of EECU reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase activity without weight loss, hepatotoxicity, nor nephrotoxicity in B16F10 cell‐inoculated mice. Moreover, EECU markedly suppressed lung hypertrophy, the number and expression of metastatic tumor nodules, and the expression of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in lung tissue. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of EECU on the metastasis of melanoma indicates that it may be regarded as a potential therapeutic herbal drug for melanoma.

ROS-Mediated Anti-Tumor Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells and Xenografts

“…Hep3B cells were grown to 80–90% confluence in 6-well plates and scraped in a line with a 200-µL pipette tip. The cells were incubated with or without CR in 5% FBS-containing medium for 24 h. Images were captured using a phase-contrast microscope (Axio Scope, A1, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and the relative width (%) of the scrape, representing wound healing, was compared between the initial scraping and after 24 h according to our published procedure [ 39 ].…”

The Role of Natural Products in the Improvement of Cancer-Associated Cachexia

“…Experimentally, several effects of CUP were proven that possesses anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, CUP regulates hyperglycemia as well as lipid metabolism [48,49]. Kim et al reported that water extract of CUP improved cachectic symptoms in male BALB/c mice bearing CT-26 cells.…”

Anti-Proliferative, Pro-Apoptotic, Anti-Migrative and Tumor-Inhibitory Effects and Pleiotropic Mechanism of Theaflavin on B16F10 Melanoma Cells

“… 7 Being the main reservoir of natural products, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied for thousands of years, exerting pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects on tumor cells by herbs. 8 , 9 For instance, tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the most popular beverages across the globe, and tea leaves have been characterized as TCM by the earliest national pharmacopeia “Xin Xiu Ben Cao” (Newly Revised Materia Medica) in Tang Dynasty of China (AD 659). Based on the TMC theory, tea leaves regulate pathogenic factors of chronic disease and cancers, including body temperature, phlegm, and toxins.…”