Chondrostereum purpureumandFusarium tumidumindependently reduce regrowth in gorse (Ulex europaeus)

Bourdôt, G. W.; Barton, Jane; Hurrell, G. A.; Gianotti, Alison F.; Saville, David J.

doi:10.1080/09583150500532014

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Further studies examining soil and juvenile application found that such applications caused significant reductions in seedling emergence and 95% mortality in juvenile plants [64,65]. The pathogen C. purpureum causes ‘silver leaf’ disease and has been suspected to be the cause of localised declines in woody weeds [66,67], albeit that its specific mode of action as a mycoherbicide is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

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Gorse (Ulex europeus L.) is a woody legume and invasive woody weed that has been introduced to temperate pastoral landscapes worldwide. Despite the apparent cosmopolitan distribution of gorse across much of the temperate agroecological landscapes of the world, research and practice pertaining to the management of gorse has been largely constrained to single-treatments, regions, or timeframes. Gorse eradication has been widely attempted, with limited success. Using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) method and a quasi-metanalytical approach, we reviewed the seminal ~299 papers pertaining to gorse management. We identified (i) the ecological characteristics of the species that predispose gorse to behaving invasively, and (ii) the success of management actions (from a plant ecological life history perspective) in reducing weed vigour and impact. A broad ecological niche, high reproductive output, propagule persistence, and low vulnerability to pests allow for rapid landscape exploitation by gorse throughout much the world. Additionally, there are differences in flowering duration and season in the northern and southern hemisphere that make gorse particularly pernicious in the latter, as gorse flowers twice per year. The implications of these life history stages and resistance to environmental sieves after establishment are that activity and efficacy of control is more likely to be favourable in juvenile stages. Common approaches to gorse control, including herbicides, biological controls, and fire have not been ubiquitously successful, and may in fact target the very site resources—sward cover, soil stability, hydrological balance—that, when degraded, facilitate gorse invasion. Ongoing seedling regeneration presents difficulties if eradication is a goal, but facilitated competition may reduce costs via natural suppression. Mechanical methods of gorse removal, though highly successful, induce chronic soil erosion and land degradation and should hence be used sparingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

Broadfield

McHenry

2019

Plants

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“…It has proven difficult to formulate Fusarium tumidum Sherb. in a way that produces consistent damage to gorse foliage, but Bourdôt et al (2006)…”

Section: Bioherbicides For Gorse Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view of the future for biological control of gorse, Ulex europaeus L.

Hill¹,

Ireson²,

Sheppard³

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, La Grande Motte, France, 22-27 April, 2007

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Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) has become naturalized in at least 50 countries outside its native range, from the high elevation tropics to the subantarctic islands and Scandinavia. Its habit, adaptability and ability to colonize disturbed ground makes it one of the world's most invasive temperate weeds. It is 80 years since New Zealand first initiated research into biological control for gorse. This paper briefly reviews the progress made worldwide since then, and examines future opportunities for biological control of this weed. The range of available agents is now known, and this list is critically assessed. Ten organisms have been released variously in six countries and islands and their performance is reviewed. In most cases, agent populations have been regulated either from 'top-down' or 'bottomup', and there is no evidence anywhere of consistent outbreaks that could cause significant reduction in existing gorse populations in the medium term. Habitat disturbance and seedling competition are important drivers of gorse population dynamics. Existing agents may yet have long-term impact through sublethal effects on maximum plant age, another key factor in gorse population dynamics. Along with habitat manipulation, seed-feeding insects may yet play a long-term role in reducing seed banks below critical levels for replacement in some populations. In the short term, progress will rely on rational and integrated weed management practices, exploiting biological control where possible.

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“…This fungus is a widespread wound pathogen, commonly known as silver leaf disease, and is a plurivorous horticultural disease of economic importance. However, its broad host range has enabled successful mycoherbicide development against woody weeds in North America, South Africa and Europe, as well as against gorse in New Zealand (Bourdôt et al 2006). The use of C. purpureum for inundative biocontrol of Japanese honeysuckle may be limited, as its pathogenicity is restricted to woody tissues and therefore ineffective against rapid invasion by the herbaceous vines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural enemies of Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica in New Zealand

Waipara

Winks²,

Smith³

et al. 2007

NZPP

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Japanese honeysuckle is rapidly increasing as a weed throughout most of the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand. A classical biological control programme was initiated in 2004-2005 with a survey of the natural invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand. The honeysuckle was being attacked by a diverse range of native and introduced invertebrates. But overall the damage was minimal and none of the herbivore niches on the weed were well utilised implying that exotic agents may have a chance of inflicting additional damage that might be sufficient to control the species. Most damage was caused by foliage feeders, such as lepidopterous larvae and thrips, but this affected less than 5% of total plant biomass. Primary and secondary foliar pathogens, such as Pseudocercospora lonicerae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Insolibasidium deformans and Phoma spp., were frequently recorded. Potential use of these natural enemies for weed biocontrol is discussed.

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Chondrostereum purpureumandFusarium tumidumindependently reduce regrowth in gorse (Ulex europaeus)

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

A World of Gorse: Persistence of Ulex europaeus in Managed Landscapes

A global view of the future for biological control of gorse, Ulex europaeus L.

Natural enemies of Japanese honeysuckle <i>Lonicera japonica</i> in New Zealand

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