Chlorella: Industrial Production of Cell Mass and Chemicals

GrowingChlorella vulgarisin Photobioreactor by Continuous Process Using Concentrated Desalination: Effect of Dilution Rate on Biochemical Composition

“…It is noteworthy also the fact that the -linolenic acid is a widely recognized food supplement, in which fermentation of Chlorella vulgaris using photobioreactor by continuous process may be economically viable for such specialty product. On the other hand, due to its high capital and operating costs, however, fermentation of Chlorella may be economically viable only for high-value particularity products ( -linolenic acid, pigments, and protein) but not for large-volume commodity products like biofuels [26]. The same authors suggest that the continuous process under steady-state conditions enables the cell to maintain constant levels of such essential and somewhat valuable metabolites, which could be advantageous for their production and recovery from C. vulgaris.…”

Outdoor Large-Scale Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis in a Vertical Close Photobioreactor for Lutein Production

“…In addition, slow-growth rate microalgal species are adequate for cultivation in photobioreactors which allow for a high control of growth conditions close to optimal values [1,6,7]. On the contrary, highly robust species, such as Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina, are commercially grown in raceway open ponds with a very low level of control of temperature and microbial contamination, thus reducing operational costs without dramatic reduction in the theoretical maximum algal biomass productivity [8,9].…”

Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, essential amino acids and fatty acids of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets containing whole-cell or cell-ruptured Chlorella vulgaris meals at five dietary inclusion levels

“…In particular, Chlorella species have been consumed by humans for thousands of years and in commercially cultivation since 1961. They are generally regarded by dieticians, animal nutritionists and the health-conscious public to be packed with essential nutrients, bioactive molecules, antioxidants and other health promoting compounds often loosely termed as Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF) and they are generally free of known allergens and do not produce bio-toxins (Liu and Hu 2013). While this makes them attractive organisms for food supplements and sustainable animal feeds (Grigorova 2005;Geetha et al 2010;Draganovic et al 2013;Liu and Hu 2013;Vecina et al 2014;Yaakob et al 2014;Kotrbáček et al 2015;Maisashvili et al 2015;Yang et al 2015;Chen et al 2016;Kim et al 4 2016; Alavi and Golmakani 2017;Xie et al 2017), there has never been an adequate strategic assessment of its nutritional quality as a feed ingredient for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).…”

“…Surprisingly, despite the fact that Chlorella spp. are some of the most biotechnologically relevant microalgae for industrial applications, including commodity p rotein production (Barka and Blecker 2016;Chen et al 2016;Görs et al 2010;Liu and Hu 2013;Morris et al 2008;Safi et al 2014a;Waghmare et al 2016;Xie et al 2017), there has never been a suitable assessment of their nutritional quality in diets for most fish and specifically for farmed Atlantic salmon. In fact, while C. vulgaris has been assigned an International Feed Number , standard fish nutrition references contain no data on its general composition, amino acid profile and nutrient digestibility (Halver andHardy 2002, NRC 2011).…”