<i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> pneumonia associated to exposure to fulmar birds (<i>Fulmaris glacialis</i>) in the Faroe Islands

Fossádal, Marian Elsubeth; Grand, Mansour; Gaïni, Shahin

doi:10.1080/23744235.2018.1495840

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…psittaci and to understand the risk posed by C. psittaci to livestock and humans are being increasingly conducted in Australia and worldwide [7, 11, 14, 15, 55–57]. In Australia, further studies must focus on understanding the pathogenicity of C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular and/or cell biology/infection studies to dissect the significant pathogenicity of C. psittaci and to understand the risk posed by C. psittaci to livestock and humans are being increasingly conducted in Australia and worldwide [7,11,14,15,[55][56][57]. In Australia, further studies must focus on understanding the pathogenicity of C. psittaci strains causing equine reproductive loss and the factors that increase the risk of infection spillover [5] but also to assess the genetic diversity of C. psittaci in the broader range of avian and non-avian hosts, including humans [14,15,44,45,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia

et al. 2022

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Chlamydia psittaci is an avian pathogen with zoonotic potential. In Australia, C. psittaci has been well reported as a cause of reproductive loss in mares which subsequently have been the source of infection and illness in some in-contact humans. To date, molecular typing studies describe the predominant and clonal C. psittaci sequence type (ST)24 strains in horse, psittacine, and human infections. We sought to assess the clonality between ST24 strains and the emergence of equine ST24 with a comprehensive genomics approach. We used culture-independent probe-based and metagenomic whole-genome sequencing to investigate 13 C . psittaci genomes from horses, psittacines, and a pigeon from Australia. Published genomes of 36 C . psittaci strains were also used to contextualise our Australian dataset and investigate lineage diversity. We utilised a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based clustering and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) approach. C. psittaci has four major phylogenetic groups (PG1-4) based on core-genome SNP-based phylogeny. PG1 contained clonal global and Australian equine, psittacine, and human ST24 genomes, with a median pairwise SNP distance of 68 SNPs. PG2, PG3, and PG4 had greater genomic diversity, including diverse STs collected from birds, livestock, human, and horse hosts from Europe and North America and a racing pigeon from Australia. We show that the clustering of C. psittaci by MLST was congruent with SNP-based phylogeny. The monophyletic ST24 clade has four major sub-lineages. The genomes of 17 Australian human, equine, and psittacine strains collected between 2008 and 2021 formed the predominant ST24 sub-lineage 1 (emerged circa 1979). Despite a temporal distribution of 13 years, the genomes within sub-lineage 1 had a median pairwise SNP distance of 32 SNPs, suggesting a recent population expansion or potential cross-host transmission. However, two C. psittaci genomes collected in 2015 from Victorian parrots clustered into distinct ST24 sub-lineage 4 (emerged circa 1965) with ovine strain C19/98 from Germany. This work describes a comprehensive phylogenomic characterisation of ST24 and identifies a timeline of potential bird-to-equine spillover events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia

et al. 2022

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“…approximately 1.6 bird/inhabitant/year), with close contact to humans, we can conclude that the risk of psittacosis from such wild birds in general is lower today. At the same time there is also an under-diagnosis of psittacosis, which recently was reported by national figures in 2017 and a recent study [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Chlamydia psittaci in fulmars on the Faroe Islands: a causative link to South American psittacines eight decades after a severe epidemic

Wang

Jensen

Olsson

et al. 2020

Microbes and Infection

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A psittacosis epidemic linked to fulmar hunting occurred on the Faroe Islands in the 1930s. This study investigates a plausible explanation to the 20% human mortality in this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Chlamydia psittaci isolated from fulmars were closely related to the highly virulent 6BC strains from psittacines and are compatible with an acquisition by fulmars of an ancestor of the 6BC clade in the 1930s. This supports the hypothesis that the outbreak on the Faroe Islands started after naïve fulmars acquired C. psittaci from infected dead parrots thrown overboard when shipped to Europe in the 1930s.

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“…Vectors carried by migratory birds can play a role in the transmission of at least 10 different human pathogens (Tsiodras et al, 2008), but a much better understanding of this phenomenon is still required. Recent work by Fossádal et al (2018) has shown a positive association between handling C. psittaci infected juvenile Northern Fulmars-a species hunted for human consumption-and human psittacosis disease in the Fulmar Islands. It is possible that other commonly harvested species, such as eiders and murres may present similar correlations in future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications

Khan

Provencher

Forbes

et al. 2019

Advances in Marine Biology

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Contentsand pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens. Flea seabird Mites seabird Protist sea duck Virus seaduck Avipoxvirus seabird Flies seabird Mosquitoes seabird Protists Sea duck Virus seafowl 4 Junaid S. Khan et al.

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Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia associated to exposure to fulmar birds (Fulmaris glacialis) in the Faroe Islands

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia

One clone to rule them all: Culture-independent genomics of Chlamydia psittaci from equine and avian hosts in Australia

Chlamydia psittaci in fulmars on the Faroe Islands: a causative link to South American psittacines eight decades after a severe epidemic

Parasites of seabirds: A survey of effects and ecological implications

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