<i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>

Johnston, Sebastian L.; Martin, Richard J.

doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1743pp

Cited by 180 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…According to the hygiene hypothesis, infections may prevent development of allergic disease. On the other hand, respiratory tract infections seem to exacerbate established asthma and contribute to asthma chronicity [5,6]. These infections, even though originally defined of viral origin, often involve mixed bacterial co-infection and several types of bacterial infections have been associated with acute asthma exacerbations or chronic stable asthma [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, respiratory tract infections seem to exacerbate established asthma and contribute to asthma chronicity [5,6]. These infections, even though originally defined of viral origin, often involve mixed bacterial co-infection and several types of bacterial infections have been associated with acute asthma exacerbations or chronic stable asthma [6,7]. Eosinophils have been suggested to play an important role in asthma exacerbations [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis

Ilmarinen¹,

Hasala²,

Sareila³

et al. 2009

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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To cite this version:Pinja Ilmarinen, Hannele Hasala, Outi Sareila, Eeva Moilanen, Hannu Kankaanranta. Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis. Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2009, 22 (3), pp.167. <10.1016/j.pupt.2008.11.012>. Please cite this article as: Ilmarinen P, Hasala H, Sareila O, Moilanen E, Kankaanranta H. Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis, Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ODNs had occasionally parallel but less profound effect on eosinophil apoptosis, which was not dependent on endosomal acidification. The anti-apoptotic effect of CpG AcceptedODNs was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) but not mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as determined by inhibitor studies. Although our results suggest CpG-dependent involvement of TLR9 in the action of phosphorothioate-modified ODNs, we interestingly found that the antiapoptotic action of native bacterial DNA in eosinophils is not dependent on unmethylated CpG motifs. This suggests that bacterial DNA contains a currently unknown recognition structure lacking from vertebrate DNA. Bacterial DNA-mediated suppression of eosinophil apoptosis is a novel mechanism for exacerbation of eosinophilic lung inflammation associated with bacterial respiratory tract infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis

Ilmarinen¹,

Hasala²,

Sareila³

et al. 2009

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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“…The phenomenon of chronicity and persistence, however, is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases, i.e. human asthma and COPD, and even in pulmonary emphysema or lung cancer [2,3,14,19,22,26,50,51,56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

et al. 2007

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-This study was aimed at evaluating functional and inflammatory consequences of persistent chlamydial infections on the respiratory system in clinically inconspicuous calves aged 2-7 months. Thirteen calves persistently infected with Chlamydophila (C.) abortus and/or C. pecorum (Chl+) were compared to 12 calves without chlamydial infections (Chl-). In order to evaluate lung function, 36 non-invasive impulse oscillometry tests were performed per animal within 6 months. The group of chronically infected animals was distinguished by significantly higher peripheral airway resistance (indicating peripheral airway obstruction), significantly higher respiratory rates, and significantly higher minute volumes of ventilation. At the age of seven months, all calves were necropsied, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained ex vivo, and lungs were examined histologically. Significantly higher concentrations of total protein and 8-iso-prostane (8-IP), as well as higher activities of matrix metalloprotease 2 were measured in BALF samples of Chl+ calves. Histologically, markedly activated bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) causing partial obstruction of bronchiolar lumina was found in the apical pulmonary lobes of Chl+ calves. Chlamydial DNA was detected in the lung tissue of 7 out of 13 Chl+ calves by real-time PCR. In conclusion, respiratory chlamydial infection appeared to be associated with chronic inflammation of the lungs and airways. Despite the lack of clinical symptoms, pulmonary dysfunctions persisted in calves until the age of seven months. Data obtained in this study provide new insight illustrating the impact of nearly ubiquitous subclinical infections on the respiratory system. Chlamydia / Chlamydophila infection / airway obstruction / pulmonary inflammation / calves

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“…[6][7][8] However, non-viral respiratory pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae have also been associated with wheezing episodes and asthma exacerbations in both adults and children. [9][10][11][12][13] Interestingly, in two of these studies virus detection rates were ≈80%, 9,11 whereas serological positivity for atypical bacterial infection/reactivation can be as high as 40-60%, 9,13 indicating that viral and atypical bacterial infections probably interact in increasing the risk of asthma exacerbations.…”

Section: Aetiology Of Asthma Exacerbationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of oral azithromycin as a supplement to standard care for adult patients with acute exacerbations of asthma (the AZALEA trial)

et al. 2016

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Declared competing interests of authors: Sebastian L Johnston has received institutional funding for a clinical trial and consultant compensation from Centocor, Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline and Synairgen; institutional funding for a research grant and consultant compensation from Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis; and consultant compensation from Grünenthal. He is also a shareholder in Synairgen and has nine relevant licensed patents and one relevant patent pending. Christopher Brightling has received institutional grants and consultant compensation from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Boehringher Ingleheim, Novartis, Chiesi and Roche/Genentech. Dave Singh has received grants and personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringher Ingleheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, NAPP, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda, Teva, Theravance and Verona, and personal fees from Genentech and Skyepharma. Bernard Higgins has taken the role of local principal investigator for multicentre studies funded by Novartis and Roche. Christopher Corrigan has received a grant and personal fees for attendance at scientific conferences and payments for lectures from Allergy Therapeutics; a grant and personal fees from Novartis for research collaborations and consultancy not connected with the current research; a grant for attendance at scientific conferences from Stallergenes, Boehringer Ingelheim and Diagenics; and personal fees from AstraZeneca for speaking at conferences. Rekha Chaudhuri reports a grant and personal fees for attendance at scientific conferences and advisory board meetings: Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Astra-Zeneca, Teva and GlaxoSmithKline. Published October 2016 DOI: 10.3310/eme03080This report should be referenced as follows:Johnston SL, Szigeti M, Cross M, Brightling C, Chaudhuri R, Harrison T, et al. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of oral azithromycin as a supplement to standard care for adult patients with acute exacerbations of asthma (the AZALEA trial). Efficacy Mech Eval 2016;3(8). This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/). Efficacy and Mechanism EvaluationEditorial contact: nihredit@southampton.ac.ukThe full EME archive is freely available to view online at www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/eme. Print-on-demand copies can be purchased from the report pages of the NIHR Journals Library website: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk Criteria for inclusion in the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation journalReports are published in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) if (1) they have resulted from work for the EME programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the reviewers and editors. EME programmeThe Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme was set up in 2008 as part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the Medical Research Council (MRC) coordinated strategy for clinical trials. The EME pro...

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cited by 180 publications

References 101 publications

Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis

Bacterial DNA delays human eosinophil apoptosis

A clinically silent respiratory infection withChlamydophilaspp. in calves is associated with airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of oral azithromycin as a supplement to standard care for adult patients with acute exacerbations of asthma (the AZALEA trial)

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