<i>Chlamydia</i>and Male Lower Urinary Tract Diseases

Lee, Young-Suk; Lee, Kyu‐Sung

doi:10.4111/kju.2013.54.2.73

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Sexually-transmitted infections, particularly gonorrhea and Chlamydia, can also cause epididymitis. [30][31][32][33] Non-infectious causes, which are rare, include reflux of sterile urine via ejaculatory ducts, causing obstruction and consequent inflammation; sarcoidosis; and Behçet disease, a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by oral and genital ulcerations and widespread vasculitis. More rare causes of epididymitis can be the result of urinary surgeries or vasectomy; drug-induced, as with amiodarone, a heart medication; human brucellosis 34 ; and pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection in the bowel, with concurrent orchido-epididymitis.…”

Section: Interstitial Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood-epididymis barrier and inflammation

Gregory

Cyr

2014

Spermatogenesis

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The blood-epididymis barrier (BEB) is a critical structure for male fertility. It enables the development of a specific luminal environment that allows spermatozoa to acquire both the ability to swim and fertilize an ovum. The presence of tight junctions and specific cellular transporters can regulate the composition of the epididymal lumen to favor proper sperm maturation. The BEB is also at the interface between the immune system and sperm. Not only does the BEB protect maturing spermatozoa from the immune system, it is also influenced by cytokines released during inflammation, which can result in the loss of barrier function. Such a loss is associated with an immune response, decreased sperm functions, and appears to be a contributing factor to post-testicular male infertility. Alterations in the BEB may be responsible for the formation of inflammatory conditions such as sperm granulomas. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the morphological, physiological and pathological components associated with the BEB, the role of immune function on the regulation of the BEB, and how disturbance of these factors can result in inflammatory lesions of the epididymis.

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Section: Interstitial Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood-epididymis barrier and inflammation

Gregory

Cyr

2014

Spermatogenesis

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“…Culture and hybridization tests require urethral swab specimens, whereas NAATs can be performed on urine specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of the NAATs are clearly the highest of any of the test platforms for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections (Lee and Lee, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel simple diagnostic methods compared to advanced ones for the diganosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasmas hominis in patients with complicated urinary tract infections

Hala¹,

Aisha²,

Maisa³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Novel simple diagnostic methods compared to advanced ones for the diganosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasmas hominis in patients with complicated urinary tract infections Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide. Infections with Ureaplasma urealyticum and genital Mycoplasma hominis have been recognized for about a decade as common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of novel simple diagnostic kits used in the detection of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum and M. hominis in urine of patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to compare these simple methods to molecular and cultural ones as gold standards. This study was conducted on two male patient's groups; group I: 30 patients with compilcated UTIs and Group II: 50 patients with non complicated UTIs. Twenty (20) healthy male control subjects (Group III) were also included. The patients were chosen from those admitted to the urosurgery department or attending the urosurgery outpatient clinic in Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI). First voided urine (FVU) samples and mid-stream urine (MSU) were collected from patients and controls. FVU samples were investigated for C. trachomatis plasmid DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for C. trachomatis antigen using Chlamyfast OIA test. MSU samples were used for inoculating of conventional culture media and three culture kits; Mycoplasma DUO, Mycoplasma IST and Mycokit NUM. Blood samples were investigated for the presence of C. trachomatis IgG antibodies using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ImmunoComb Chlamydia Kit and for mycoplasmal antibodies using mycokit sero. C. trachomatis infection was found in 35% (28/80) of patients in both groups, 56.7% (17/30) was detected in group I and 22% (11/50) in group II compared to none of the controls. C. trachomatis infection was significantly higher in group I versus group II (P˂0.05). Chlamyfast OIA test was less sensitive but more specific than serological assays. ImmunoComb assay had a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than ELISA. A total of 34 cases (42.5%) were positive in a pathogenic level for U. urealyticum and or M. hominis and 30% were positive for U. urealyticum only, 7.5% were positive for M. hominis only and 5% had mixed infection with both organisms. Mycoplasmas infection in group I was found to be significantly higher than in group II (P˂0.05). Mycoplasma IST has the highest sensitivity (100%) andin identification of U. urealyticum while both mycoplasma ISTand mycoplasma DUO showed the highest sensitivity in identification of M.hominis. Serological evidence was detected in 16/24 (66.7%), 2/6 (33.3%) and 4/4 (100%) of U. urealyticum, M. hominis and mixed infections respectively. The serological response to each infection is significantly higher in group I than in group II (P value ˂0.05). Our study detects a high prevalence rate of C. tra...

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“…They are frequently asymptomatic (especially in women) [3], commonly remaining undiagnosed, and if untreated they can lead to serious complications [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%