<i>Chaoborus</i>‐induced shifts in the morphology of <i>Daphnia ambigua</i>1

Hebert, Paul D. N.; Grewe, Peter M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1985.30.6.1291

Cited by 137 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As a result, prey selection for adult Daphnia is either negative or neutral by all but the largest species of Chaoborus (Pastorok 1980;Elser et al 1987;Moore 1988;MacKay et al 1990). Small Daphnia, however, are very susceptible to Chaoborus predation, as suggested by the chemical induction of neck teeth, helmets, or spines when small daphnids are exposed to water with Chaoborus (Krueger and Dodson 1981;Hebert and Grewe 1985). While an increase in the Chaoborus population alone could cause increased Daphnia mortality, a reduced growth rate of vulnerable juvenile Daphnia caused by poor food quality could exacerbate that effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors potentially preventing trophic cascades: Food quality, invertebrate predation, and their interaction

MacKay

Elser

1998

Limnology & Oceanography

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Recent laboratory work on food quality constraints on zooplankton growth and reproduction, as well as several examples of weak effects of food‐web manipulations on lower trophic levels in lakes with phosphorus‐deficient phytoplankton, suggests that food quality effects may have currently unappreciated effects on zooplankton success and food‐web interactions under field conditions. We experimentally manipulated two factors that we anticipated might play a role in suppressing Daphnia in P‐limited lakes—the quality of phytoplankton food and the presence of the invertebrate predator Chaoborus punctipennis. We used a two‐factor design, manipulating food source and presence of Chaoborus, and measured growth rate, survivorship, and fecundity of Daphnia rosea neonates incubated at fixed food levels in flow‐through growth chambers. D. rosea grew significantly faster and was significantly more fecund when fed seston from a high‐food quality lake (Lake 979) relative to a treatment fed seston from a low‐food quality lake (Lake 110). Chaoborus reduced survivorship of D. rosea but the food source–predator interaction term was not significant, indicating that invertebrate predation and phytoplankton food quality did not influence Daphnia populations synergistically in this experiment. A second experiment was conducted to determine if variation in Daphnia growth rate and fecundity when fed food of varying quality was caused by a change in feeding rate. Daphnia feeding rate increased with improved food quality, suggesting that Daphnia responds to increases in food quality, at least in part, by increasing feeding rate. We conclude that food quality can strongly affect Daphnia feeding, growth, and reproduction, thereby constraining food‐web dynamics in nutrient‐deficient lakes.

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Factors potentially preventing trophic cascades: Food quality, invertebrate predation, and their interaction

MacKay

Elser

1998

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Cladocerans, particularly members of the genus Daphnia, are known to exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt morphologically, physiologically and/or behaviorally to environmental change (e.g. Grant and Bayly, 1981;Kreuger and Dodson, 1981;Hebert and Grewe, 1985;Ranta and Tjossem, 1987;Hembre and Megard, 2006;Hülsmann and Wagner, 2007;Vanoverbeke et al, 2007). This functional flexibility, in combination with their parthenogenetic reproduction and ease of laboratory culture, has resulted in their emergence as model organisms for many scientific fields, prime among them ecotoxicology and toxicogenomics (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histaminergic signaling in the central nervous system of Daphnia and a role for it in the control of phototactic behavior

McCoole

Baer

Christie

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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2007). Regardless of origin, stressors that negatively impact phototaxis are likely to have a major influence on the fitness of individual daphnids, rendering them susceptible to both increased UV damage and increased predation (Lampert, 1993 Among the many assays used for determining the effects of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on these animals is monitoring for changes in their phototactic behavior. In most arthropods, histamine has been shown to play a key role in the visual system. Currently, nothing is known about histaminergic signaling in either D. magna or D. pulex. Here, a combination of immunohistochemistry and genome mining was used to identify and characterize the histaminergic systems in these daphnids. In addition, a behavioral assay was used to assess the role of histamine in their phototactic response to ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. An extensive network of histaminergic somata, axons and neuropil was identified via immunohistochemistry within the central nervous system of both daphnids, including labeling of putative photoreceptors in the compound eye and projections from these cells to the brain. Mining of the D. pulex genome using known Drosophila melanogaster proteins identified a putative ortholog of histidine decarboxylase (the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme for histamine), as well as two putative histamine-gated chloride channels (hclA and hclB orthologs). Exposure of D. magna to cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist known to block both hclA and hclB in D. melanogaster, inhibited their negative phototactic response to UV exposure in a reversible, time-dependent manner. Taken collectively, our results show that an extensive histaminergic system is present in Daphnia species, including the visual system, and that this amine is involved in the control of phototaxis in these animals.

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“…The Chaoborus extract was prepared from 200 g of commercially obtained frozen samples of C. american us. The samples were boiled in 400 mL of water, filtered, and frozen in 30-mL lots, so that a single preparation was used during the entire experiment (Hebert and Grewe 1985). For the induced treatment, extract was added to the food at a rate of 0.05 mLIL.…”

Section: Effects Of Chaoborus Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE GENETICS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. VIII. THE COST OF PLASTICITY IN DAPHNIA PULEX

1998

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Abstract.-In a heterogeneous world, the optimal strategy for an individual is to continually change its phenotype to match the optimal type. However, in the real world, organisms do not behave in this fashion. One potential reason why is that phenotypic plasticity is costly. We measured production and maintenance costs of plasticity in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex (Cladocera: Crustacea) in response to the presence of chemical signals from a predator, the insect Chaoborus americanus. We looked at three changes in juvenile body size and shape: body length, body depth, and tailspine length. Fitness costs were measured as changes in adult growth and fecundity, and summarized as the intrinsic rate of increase (r) for individuals reared in the presence or absence of Chaoborus extract. The cost of plasticity was measured as a multiple regression of mean clone fitness against trait and trait plasticity. We found scant evidence for either production or maintenance costs of plasticity. We also failed to find direct costs of these juvenile structures, which is surprising, as others have found such costs. We attribute the lack of measurable direct or plasticity costs to a decrease in metabolic rates in the presence of the Chaoborus extract. This decrease in metabolic rate may have compensated for any cost increases. We call for more extensive measures of the costs of plasticity, especially under natural conditions, and the incorporation of costs into evolutionary models.Key wordss-e-Chaoborus, cost, Daphnia pulex, metabolism, phenotypic plasticity.Received September 4, 1997. Accepted January 28, 1998.The world is heterogeneous. It varies from place to place and moment to moment. As a consequence of this variation, the optimal phenotype of an individual changes. In an ideal world, an individual would alter its phenotype to always match the optimum. In the real world, however, organisms do not always do this.One reason why an individual would fail to change its phenotype so as to always match the optimum is the costs of changing (Bradshaw 1965;DeWitt 1995;DeWitt et al. 1998). DeWitt et al. (1998) delineate five types of costs: maintenance costs, production costs, information acquisition costs, developmental stability costs, and genetic costs. In this paper we focus on the first two, maintenance and production costs. Maintenance costs are those associated with the costs of sensory and regulatory mechanisms producing plastic changes ). To be a cost of plasticity, however, they must be costs incurred above and beyond those incurred by individuals with fixed phenotypes. They involve costs to the organism to retain the ability to change (to be plastic) even if no change occurs. As such, they are constant and borne by all plastic individuals regardless of the phenotype expressed in any particular environment.Production costs are those associated with changing an organism's phenotype or producing structures normally not expressed. These costs are not simply those involved in producing a particular structure or morphology,...

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Chaoborus‐induced shifts in the morphology of Daphnia ambigua1

Cited by 137 publications

References 9 publications

Factors potentially preventing trophic cascades: Food quality, invertebrate predation, and their interaction

Factors potentially preventing trophic cascades: Food quality, invertebrate predation, and their interaction

Histaminergic signaling in the central nervous system of Daphnia and a role for it in the control of phototactic behavior

THE GENETICS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY. VIII. THE COST OF PLASTICITY IN DAPHNIA PULEX

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