Centella asiatica Attenuates Diabetes Induced Hippocampal Changes in Experimental Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect functions of the hippocampus. We hypothesized that Centella asiatica, a herb traditionally being used to improve memory, prevents diabetes-related hippocampal dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of C. asiatica on the hippocampus in diabetes. Methods. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced adult male diabetic rats received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day body weight (b.w) C. asiatica leaf aqueous extract for four consecutive weeks. Following sacrifice, hippocampus was removed and hippocampal tissue homogenates were analyzed for Na+/K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPases activity levels. Levels of the markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α; interleukin, IL-6; and interleukin, IL-1β) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation product: LPO, superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, and glutathione peroxidase: GPx) were determined. The hippocampal sections were visualized for histopathological changes. Results. Administration of C. asiatica leaf aqueous extract to diabetic rats maintained near normal ATPases activity levels and prevents the increase in the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus. Lesser signs of histopathological changes were observed in the hippocampus of C. asiatica leaf aqueous extract treated diabetic rats. Conclusions. C. asiatica leaf protects the hippocampus against diabetes-induced dysfunction which could help to preserve memory in this condition.

Memory Improvement Effect of Ethanol Garlic (A. sativum) Extract in Streptozotocin‐Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Is Mediated through Increasing of Hippocampal Sodium‐Potassium ATPase, Glutamine Synthetase, and Calcium ATPase Activities

“…Results showed that the preference for novelty was significantly reduced in the diabetic rats, indicating impairment in memory. This result is consistent with studies [ 18 , 29 – 31 ]. However, when the diabetic Wistar rats were treated with garlic ( A. sativum ) extract, there was an increased preference for novelty suggesting an improvement in memory.…”

“…Results showed a significantly decreased activity of hippocampus Na + /K + ATPase in rats with diabetes. This is consistent with previously reported studies where Na + /K + ATPase activity decreased in brain of diabetic rats [ 31 , 34 ]. The decreased activity of Na + /K + ATPase could be related to increased oxidative stress in the hippocampus [ 35 ].…”

“…Results showed that Ca 2+ ATPase activity was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. This is in line with studies [ 31 , 34 ]. This could be due to increase in formation of lipid peroxides [ 38 ] or overload of intracellular calcium levels [ 39 ].…”

Biochemical Studies of Hippocampal Gene Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor and Toll-Like Receptor-4 in Diabetic Rats Exposed to Chronic Stress: Effects of Antidepressant Drugs

“…(F (3,40) =16.02, p<0.0001; F (3,40) =34.15, p<0.0001) for BDNF and TLR-4, respectively. hippocampus [35]. Previous studies reported that chronic mild stress could stimulate TLR-4 signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex with increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and COX-2 [36].…”

Hippocampal amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid GluA1 (AMPAGluA1) receptor subunit involves in learning and memory improvement following treatment withCentella asiaticaextract in adolescent rats

“…The major chemical constituents found in C. asiatica are triterpenoid derivatives, such as asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and flavonoids (Saoji et al, 2016;Sari et al, 2014;Vasavi, Arun, & Rekha, 2016). This plant has been widely used in Ayurvedic, African, and Chinese traditional medicine (Giribabu, Srinivasarao, Swapna Rekha, Muniandy, & Salleh, 2014;Vasavi et al, 2016). The best known beneficial effects of C. asiatica are its neuroprotective effect and its effects on cognitive function, particularly learning and memory (Doknark, Mingmalairak, Vattanajun, Tantisira, & Tantisira, 2014;Giribabu et al, 2014;Gray, Harris, Quinn, & Soumyanath, 2016;Gray et al, 2017;Sirichoat et al, 2015).…”