Cedrus atlantica Extract Suppress Glioblastoma Growth through Promotion of Genotoxicity and Apoptosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Cedrus atlantica extract exerts antiproliferative effect on colorectal cancer through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

“…The data revealed that CAt improved the inhibitory effects of 5‐FU and showed that the combination of CAt and 5‐FU achieved better treatment effects than a single drug. Previous studies on glioblastoma showed that CAt enhanced the antiproliferative effects of temozolomide on DBTRG‐05MG and RG2 cells (Chang et al., 2021 ). Therefore, CAt may be a potentially effective antiproliferative drug or anticancer adjuvant agent combined with clinical drugs.…”

“…In the literature, the growth inhibition of C. atlantica is considered to be one of the mechanisms of its anticancer effects. For example, C. atlantica extracts have exhibited inhibitory activity against HepG2 and Mahlavu hepatocellular carcinoma (IC 50 values 27.09 and 33.57 μg/ml, respectively) (Huang et al., 2020 ), DBTRG‐05MG and RG2 glioblastoma (IC 50 value 46.59 and 47.96 μg/ml, respectively) (Chang et al., 2021 ), and K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (IC 50 value 59.76 μg/ml) (Saab et al., 2012 ) cell lines. In our study, we observed that CAt significantly decreased cell proliferation in HT‐29 and CT‐26 (IC 50 values 31.21 and 19.77 μg/ml, respectively).…”

“…The preparation of CAt was commissioned to Phoenix (New Jersey, USA) according to the following conditions: the bark of Cedrus atlantica was extracted through steam distillation at a flow rate of approximately 7.2 ml/min at 100___105°C for 90 min (Chang et al., 2021 ). CAt and 5‐FU (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted in fresh medium.…”

“…After washing with 0.1% Tween‐20 in PBS for 3 times, the antibody‐binding proteins were detected and visualized using Super Sensitive Polymer‐HRP IHC Detection System (BioGenex, CA, USA) and 3,3'‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate (BioGenex, CA, USA). Finally, the sections were photographed using a bright field microscope and scored using the Quickscore method performed according to a previously published protocol (Chang et al., 2021 ).…”

“…Cedrus atlantica is the largest remaining population and the main forest species in Morocco used for timber production, and sawdust is usually refined by hydrodistillation to provide essential oils. It exerts antimicrobial (Dakir et al., 2005 ; Shin, 2003 ) and anticancer (Chang et al., 2021 ; Huang et al., 2020 ; Saab et al., 2012 ) activities and alleviates pain behavior via inhalation (Martins et al., 2015 ). However, there is currently a lack of information regarding the potential anticancer properties of C. atlantica extract (CAt) against CRC.…”