<i>Canrightia resinifera</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new extinct angiosperm with <i>Retimonocolpites</i>-type pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal: missing link in the eumagnoliid tree?

Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard

doi:10.1080/00173134.2011.559728

Cited by 54 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This was also noted by Taylor et al (2008), who concluded that Pluricarpellatia and Scutifolium were related to Cabombaceae, and by Friis et al (2011). Characters of the best-understood fossil, Monetianthus, do not make sense for a stem relative of Nymphaeales, since the most recent common ancestor of the order can be reconstructed as having hypogynous flowers and a smaller number of free carpels containing one ovule each (Endress and Doyle 2009).…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This situation improved with discoveries of lignitized and charcoalified fossil flowers (Friis 1983;Crane et al 1986;Friis et al 1986Friis et al , 2006Friis et al , 2011, mostly in the mesofossil (millimeter) size range, which often have in situ pollen in the stamens or on the stigma and can sometimes be associated with stems and leaves. These fossils have many more characters and therefore suggest more robust relationships with living clades.…”

Section: Manuscript Received September 2013; Revised Manuscript Receimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living Nymphaeaceae have large flowers, but like most Early Cretaceous flowers (Friis et al 2011) Monetianthus was much smaller (∼3 mm long and 2 mm across without stamens or perianth parts, estimated to be ∼1 cm across with these parts; Friis et al 2011), more like flowers of Cabombaceae, and Carpestella (treated next) was even smaller (∼0.65 mm). In terms of morphological parsimony, this could mean either that small flowers were ancestral in Nymphaeaceae and there was a parallel size increase trend in Nuphar and other living Nymphaeaceae or that flower size increased on the line to Nymphaeaceae and secondarily decreased in Monetianthus.…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical support for this relationship came from presumed in situ pollen grains studied with SEM by Sun et al (2001Sun et al ( , 2002, namely, their monosulcate aperture, boatlike shape, and continuous tectum. However, Friis et al (2003Friis et al ( , 2011 questioned whether these structures were indeed pollen, because of their irregular size and shape. Without pollen characters, Endress and Doyle (2009) found that the most parsimonious position of Archaefructus with the D&E backbone was nested among basal eudicots, with Euptelea; with the J/M backbone, the connection with Ceratophyllum was strengthened.…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our results support proposals that three recently described Early Cretaceous fossils are crown group Nymphaeales (cf. Friis et al 2011).…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Doyle

Endress

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

111

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Editor: Patrick S. HerendeenPremise of research. Discoveries of fossil flowers in Cretaceous rocks offer improved evidence for relationships with living clades, but for more secure inferences formal phylogenetic analyses are desirable. We extend previous analyses of magnoliids, monocots, and basal eudicots to Aptian, Albian, and Cenomanian fossils related to the basal "ANITA" lines and Chloranthaceae.Methodology. We performed parsimony analyses of a morphological data set of Recent angiosperms and published fossils, with the arrangement of Recent taxa constrained to backbone trees based primarily on molecular data.Pivotal results. Not only Monetianthus (as previously inferred) but also Carpestella is nested within Nymphaeaceae, while Pluricarpellatia may be a stem relative of Cabombaceae or Nymphaeaceae. Anacostia (with Similipollis pollen) is nested within Austrobaileyales. The position of Couperites (with Clavatipollenites pollen) is ambiguous: it may be on the stem lineage of Chloranthaceae (and Ceratophyllum, if this extant aquatic is related to Chloranthaceae), nested in Chloranthaceae, or more basal. Plants with Asteropollis pollen and reduced tepals are related to the chloranthaceous genus Hedyosmum. Zlatkocarpus, which also has a reduced perianth, may be either a stem relative or a crown group member of Chloranthaceae. Plants that produced loosely reticulate Pennipollis pollen are more likely related to Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum than to monocots. We confirm that Canrightia, with bisexual flowers and a reduced perianth, is a stem relative of Chloranthaceae. Despite similarities to Piperales, Appomattoxia (with Tucanopollis pollen) is more likely near the base of the ANITA grade or related to Chloranthaceae and/or Ceratophyllum.Conclusions. The Cretaceous rise of angiosperms involved the radiation not only of magnoliids, eudicots, and monocots but also of basal ANITA lines, including both aquatic Nymphaeales and woody groups. Our results reaffirm the early diversity of Chloranthaceae and clarify their floral evolution, in which a shift to unisexual flowers preceded loss of the perianth.

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Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Manuscript Received September 2013; Revised Manuscript Receimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our results support proposals that three recently described Early Cretaceous fossils are crown group Nymphaeales (cf. Friis et al 2011).…”

Section: Nymphaealesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Doyle

Endress

2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

111

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Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

Endress

Doyle

2015

Taxon

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New morphological and phylogenetic data prompt us to present an updated review of floral morphology and its evolution in the basal ANITA grade of living angiosperms, Chloranthaceae, and Ceratophyllum. Floral phyllotaxis is complex whorled in Nymphaeales and spiral in Amborella and Austrobaileyales. It is unresolved whether phyllotaxis was ancestrally whorled or spiral, but if it was whorled, the whorls were trimerous. The flowers are probably ancestrally bisexual because in most families with unisexual flowers these flowers exhibit rudiments of the opposite sex. Carpels are largely ascidiate and the closure line is short, either transverse or longitudinal. A style is usually absent or, if present, generally short and not plicate. Angiospermy (carpel sealing) is by secretion, rather than postgenital fusion, except in largeflowered Nymphaeales and in Illicium, correlated with unusual fruits. Carpels with a single, median, pendent ovule are probably plesiomorphic. Chloranth aceae and Ceratophyllaceae have an unsettled phylogenetic position, but in some phylogenetic analyses they form a clade, which may be sister to the remaining mesangiosperms (Magnoliidae, monocots, eudicots). This position is supported by their carpel characters, which are similar to those of the ANITA grade and different from those of most other mesangiosperms.

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Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm‐wide data set: proof‐of‐concept and challenges ahead

Schönenberger

Balthazar

Martínez

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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During the past few decades, paleobotanists have recovered and analyzed a rich fossil record dating back to the early stages of angiosperm evolution. In particular, the recovery of countless fossil flowers and dispersed floral organs from Cretaceous mesofossil localities in North America, Europe, and Japan has provided novel and unexpected details about the early structural and phylogenetic diversity of angiosperms (e.g.,

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Canrightia resinifera gen. et sp. nov., a new extinct angiosperm with Retimonocolpites-type pollen from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal: missing link in the eumagnoliid tree?

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Integrating Early Cretaceous Fossils into the Phylogeny of Living Angiosperms: ANITA Lines and Relatives of Chloranthaceae

Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms

Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm‐wide data set: proof‐of‐concept and challenges ahead

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