“CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum” Associated With the Psyllid,Bactericera maculipennis(Hemiptera: Triozidae)

Abstract

The psyllid Bactericera maculipennis (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) often cohabits field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, Solanales: Convolvulaceae) and other plants with the congeneric psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Bactericera cockerelli is a vector of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum," the pathogen associated with zebra chip disease of potato (Solanales: Solanaceae). Because B. maculipennis and B. cockerelli both naturally occur on certain plants, we surveyed B. maculipennis adults collected from Washington and Idaho for presence of "Ca. L. solanacearum" to determine whether this psyllid also harbors this pathogen. Liberibacter was present in 30% of field-collected B. maculipennis and in 100% of colony-reared psyllids. Sequences of 16S rDNA and microsatellite markers revealed that "Ca. L. solanacearum" from B. maculipennis was closely related to Liberibacter haplotype B from B. cockerelli. Results of laboratory assays demonstrated that Liberibacter can be transmitted between B. cockerelli and B. maculipennis on plants within the Convolvulaceae. Potato plants challenged with Liberibacter-infected B. maculipennis did not become infected, apparently because potato is not a suitable host for the psyllid. We therefore conclude that B. maculipennis is not a direct threat to potato production, despite its association with Liberibacter. We are the first to report that "Ca. L. solanacearum" is associated with a psyllid other than B. cockerelli in North America. Results of our study demonstrate the importance of understanding the complete ecology of psyllids-including interactions with other psyllids on non-crop hosts-in predicting what crops or regions are potentially susceptible to the spread of Liberibacter.

New Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous haplotype resurrected from a 49-year-old specimen of Solanum umbelliferum: a native host of the psyllid vector

“…Similarly, specific associations between B. cockerelli biotypes and Ca. L. psyllaurous sequence types have not been established, and there are few studies exploring possible alternative vectors in the North American range (but see 26 ) despite novel Ca. L. psyllaurous-psyllid associations existing in Europe (e.g., haplotypes C and U in Fig.…”

“…Liberibacter species was assembled from this study (Ca. L. psyllaurous haplotype G) and from 9,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]74 . Designed by Authors from Flaticon and Pixbay with license permission.…”

The influence of bacteria on multitrophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogen

“…Transmission by these 2 psyllid species has not been tested yet. 'Candidatus L. europaeus' was detected in 9 Cacopsylla species (Camerota et al, 2012) and in Arytainilla spartiophila (Thompson et al, 2013), and CLso was found associated with different Bactericera species (Teresani et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2017). As the interactions between different Liberibacter species and psyllids are studied, a better understanding Hansen et al, 2008; of the effects of these pathogens on the vector will be obtained.…”

Improving Suppression of Hemipteran Vectors and Bacterial Pathogens of Citrus and Solanaceous Plants: Advances in Antisense Oligonucleotides (FANA)

“…Haplotypes A and B appear to be most commonly associated Solanaceous crops in the United States (Dahan et al, 2017(Dahan et al, , 2019 with CLso haplotype B causing more severe symptoms than haplotype A (Mendoza-Herrera et al, 2018;Swisher-Grimm et al, 2018;Harrison et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2020). This pathogen infects multiple psyllid vectors within the Triozidae (Munyaneza et al, 2010;Tahzima et al, 2014;Antolinez et al, 2017;Borges et al, 2017), but is transmitted among Solanaceous plants by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Triozidae) in North America (Munyaneza et al, 2007;Hansen et al, 2008;Liefting et al, 2009). Like CLas, CLso is transmitted in a circulative and propagative manner, and colonization of the vector's salivary glands by CLso is required for transmission to new host plants (Cooper et al, 2014;Sengoda et al, 2014).…”