<i>Candida</i>infection and colonization among trauma patients

Manolakaki, Dimitra; Velmahos, George C.; Kourkoumpetis, Themistoklis; Chang, Yuchiao; Alam, Hasan B.; Moya, Marc M. De; Mylonakis, Eleftherios

doi:10.4161/viru.1.5.12796

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…can produce extracellular polymeric substances which are involved in the processes of flocculation, adhesion, and biofilm formation (Flemming andWingender 2010, Verstrepen andKlis 2006). Alternatively, Candida is also the most common fungal pathogen, and many species are found in gut flora (Manolakaki et al 2010). The relative abundance of Candida in activated sludge should mainly derive from municipal wastewater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignored fungal community in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants: diversity and altitudinal characteristics

Niu

Xu³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fungi are important contributors to the various functions of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the diversity and geographic characteristics of fungal populations have remained vastly unexplored. Here, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 454 pyrosequencing were combined to investigate the abundance and diversity of the activated sludge fungal communities from 18 full-scale municipal WWTPs in China. Phylogenetic taxonomy revealed that the members of the fungal communities were assigned to 7 phyla and 195 genera. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla, dominated by Pluteus, Wickerhamiella, and Penicillium. Twenty-three fungal genera, accounting for 50.1 % of the total reads, were shared by 18 WWTPs and constituted a core fungal community. The fungal communities presented similar community diversity but different community structures across the WWTPs. Significant distance decay relationships were observed for the dissimilarity in fungal community structure and altitudinal distance between WWTPs. Additionally, the community evenness increased from 0.25 to 0.7 as the altitude increased. Dissolved oxygen and the C/N ratio were determined to be the most dominant contributors to the variation in fungal community structure via redundancy analysis. The observed data demonstrated the diverse occurrence of fungal species and gave a marked view of fungal community characteristics based on the previously unexplored fungal communities in activated sludge WWTPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignored fungal community in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants: diversity and altitudinal characteristics

Niu

Xu³

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Candida species are the most common cause of human fungal infections, representing nearly 96% of all opportunistic mycoses (Pfaller and Diekema, 2007;Ashafa and Umebese, 2012). Up to 2% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffer from invasive candidiasis, the incidence of which shows and alrming increase during the last few decades (Manolakaki et al, 2010). All these organisms were inhibited by the crude ethyl acetate and hexane fractions at MIC ranging from 0.4 mg/mL to 3.1 mg/mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of <i>Dianthus basuticus</i> used in Basotho traditional practice

Lamula

Ashafa

2014

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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The antimicrobial potential of Dianthus basuticus extracts were investigated using 96-wells microplate against selected bacteria and fungi strains while the cytotoxicity was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. All the extracts except water inhibited both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria with the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 mg/ mL, except Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella sonnei that were inhibited at 12.50 mg/mL by dichloromethane extract. Similarly, the acetone and ethanol extracts suppressed the growth of Candida rugosa, C. neoformans, C. albicans and Trichophyton mucoides with the MIC ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 mg/ mL. The ethyl acetate fraction of the hydro-alcohol extract inhibited most of the bacteria and fungi at 0.78 mg/mL. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that both hydro-alcohol and ethanol extracts had toxic effect on the brine shrimp larvae with the LC50 values of 17.29 and 59.42 µg/mL respectively, while the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The results confirms moderate to potent antimicrobial activity of D. basuticus.

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“…are the most common cause of human fungal infections, representing nearly 96% of all opportunistic mycoses [1, 2]. Up to 2% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffer from invasive candidiasis, the incidence of which shows an alarming increase during recent years [3, 4]. Overall, Candida spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cumulative Length of Hospital Stay on the Antifungal Resistance of Candida Strains Isolated from Critically Ill Surgical Patients

et al. 2010

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Fluconazole is the first line of therapy for the management of candidiasis. However, fluconazole-resistant strains pose an emerging challenge in everyday clinical practice. In this study, we sought to determine whether cumulative length of hospital stay (CLOS) is a predictive factor for the acquisition of non-susceptible Candida strains to fluconazole. Thirty-three critically ill emergency surgery patients with 56 Candida isolates were enrolled in this prospective study. We divided our isolates according to their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to fluconazole using 8 mcg/ml as a cutoff. We then compared the two groups with respect to basic demographics, antifungal agents prescribed, number of wide-spectrum antibiotics, duration of central venous catheter placement, elapsed time to positive culture, duration of prior hospital stay, and length of hospital stay. Non-susceptible fluconazole samples belonged to patients with a significantly longer prior hospital stay and a longer CLOS (P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The difference between the 2 groups regarding non-albicans strains was statistically significant (P\0.001). By fitting a non-parametric receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve into our analysis, CLOS ≥ 29 days predicted the occurrence of non-susceptible strains with 90% sensitivity and 79.6% specificity (correct classification 81.5%). A CLOS ≥29 days is a strong predictor for the isolation of non-susceptible Candida isolates to fluconazole among critically ill emergency surgery patients. Clinicians should consider the duration of previous hospital stay when deciding on empiric antifungal therapy.

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Candidainfection and colonization among trauma patients

Cited by 61 publications

References 20 publications

Ignored fungal community in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants: diversity and altitudinal characteristics

Ignored fungal community in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants: diversity and altitudinal characteristics

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of <i>Dianthus basuticus</i> used in Basotho traditional practice

The Effect of Cumulative Length of Hospital Stay on the Antifungal Resistance of Candida Strains Isolated from Critically Ill Surgical Patients

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