<i>Candida albicans</i>
            and
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            Form Polymicrobial Biofilms: Effects on Antimicrobial Resistance

Harriott, Melphine; Noverr, Mairi C.

doi:10.1128/aac.00657-09

Cited by 480 publications

(442 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…1). This association has been reported by Harriott & Noverr (2009), where St. aureus was shown to be embedded in the fungal biofilm matrix. Significantly, this close association between C. albicans and St. aureus in a biofilm conferred resistance to antibiotics upon St. aureus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

et al. 2012

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The bacterium Staphylococcus (St.) aureus and the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans are currently among the leading nosocomial pathogens, often co-infecting critically ill patients, with high morbidity and mortality. Previous investigations have demonstrated preferential adherence of St. aureus to C. albicans hyphae during mixed biofilm growth. In this study, we aimed to characterize the mechanism behind this observed interaction. C. albicans adhesin-deficient mutant strains were screened by microscopy to identify the specific receptor on C. albicans hyphae recognized by St. aureus. Furthermore, an immunoassay was developed to validate and quantify staphylococcal binding to fungal biofilms. The findings from these experiments implicated the C. albicans adhesin agglutinin-like sequence 3 (Als3p) in playing a major role in the adherence process. This association was quantitatively established using atomic force microscopy, in which the adhesion force between single cells of the two species was significantly reduced for a C. albicans mutant strain lacking als3. Confocal microscopy further confirmed these observations, as St. aureus overlaid with a purified recombinant Als3 N-terminal domain fragment (rAls3p) exhibited robust binding. Importantly, a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterologously expressing Als3p was utilized to further confirm this adhesin as a receptor for St. aureus. Although the parental strain does not bind bacteria, expression of Als3p on the cell surface conferred upon the yeast the ability to strongly bind St. aureus. To elucidate the implications of these in vitro findings in a clinically relevant setting, an ex vivo murine model of co-infection was designed using murine tongue explants. Fluorescent microscopic images revealed extensive hyphal penetration of the epithelium typical of C. albicans mucosal infection. Interestingly, St. aureus bacterial cells were only seen within the Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; ConA-Texas red, concanavalin A conjugated to Texas red; H&E, haematoxylin and eosin; IFA, indirect immunofluorescence; PNA-FISH, peptide nucleic acid probes for fluorescent in situ hybridization; SEM, scanning electron microscopy. A supplementary figure is available with the online version of this paper. Microbiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

et al. 2012

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“…Synergised recalcitrance to antimicrobials has also been observed in several studies [80, 81, 82••]. Pioneer studies from Harriot and Noverr (2009) identified a biofilm-mediated resistance against vancomycin within the dual-species biofilm [81]. More recently, the precise mechanism of this resistance has been elucidated, with a suggestive "barrier mechanism," whereby S. aureus coats itself in secreted C. albicans matrix molecules to impede drug penetration within the biofilm [82••].…”

Section: Angular Cheilitis: Partners In Crime or Peer Pressure?mentioning

confidence: 87%

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Delaney

Kean

Short

et al. 2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Over the last decade, microbiome studies have enhanced our knowledge and understanding of the polymicrobial nature of oral infections. Recently, profiling of the fungal microbiome has expanded our conventional understanding of oral ecology, revealing the critical importance of yeasts within this complex microbiome. This review aims to explore our current appreciation of interkingdom interactions in oral disease. Recent Findings There is a growing evidence base of interactions and pathogenic synergy and antagonism with bacterial species within oral disease. Recent studies have helped to develop our knowledge of how Candida albicans, alongside bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus species, influence overall pathogenicity. Summary Clinical and experimental evidence makes a compelling case for a role for C. albicans in a number of oral infections, though whether its role is an active accomplice or passive bystander remains to be determined.

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“…Candidiasis, caused by Candida species, is the most common fungal infection in humans and animals. Candida albicans is considered the most prevalent fungal biofilmforming pathogen that causes life-threatening infections by colonizing polymers used in medical devices [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a plasma jet on the viability of Candida albicans

et al. 2014

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A rapid growth of interest in low temperature plasma in medicine in recent years has given a rise to a number of different applications. We report a low cost kHz driven argon plasma jet with flow rate less than 0.15 L min -1 suitable for treatment of small areas infected with the wide-spread yeast pathogen Candida albicans. The plasma jet has been applied for inactivation of C. albicans seeded on an agar surface as well as yeast suspensions. The effects of different treatment parameters (gas composition, distance and treatment time) have been studied on the efficiency of yeast inactivation. C. albicans viability was evaluated by XTT assay and by measuring diameters of circular transparent zones.

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Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus Form Polymicrobial Biofilms: Effects on Antimicrobial Resistance

Cited by 480 publications

References 29 publications

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

Staphylococcus aureus adherence to Candida albicans hyphae is mediated by the hyphal adhesin Als3p

Fungi at the Scene of the Crime: Innocent Bystanders or Accomplices in Oral Infections?

Influence of a plasma jet on the viability of Candida albicans

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