Cananga odorata Aromatherapy Reduces Anxiety in Unexperienced Patients Hospitalized for Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures: A Randomized Control Trial

Abstract

The hospitalization and the unfamiliar experiences of patients in interventional radiology procedures cause a moderate to high levels of anxiety. This study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Cananga odorata essential oil (COE) aromatherapy in unexperienced patients hospitalized for interventional neuroradiology (INR) procedures. Forty-four patients admitted for their first INR procedure were randomly divided into COE and placebo control groups. COE or distilled water was dropped onto 2 pieces of mulberry paper and attached to the participant's gown at the shoulder level overnight. The main outcomes were observed from the morning salivary cortisol levels and salivary alpha-amylase activity after intervention. The Thai version of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate) were also assessed before and after COE intervention as the secondary outcome. The demographic and baseline data of both groups did not show any significant difference. After intervention, COE group had a significantly lower salivary alpha-amylase activity than placebo control group. The post-intervention scores of Trait (STAI-T) and State (STAI-S) anxiety were significantly less than those of baseline in both groups. Interestingly, the COE group had a greater percentage reduction on STAI-T after intervention than placebo control group. No significant difference was observed in other outcomes. In addition, the salivary alpha-amylase activity was weak but showed significant correlation with STAI anxiety scores. This study indicates that COE aromatherapy reduces the saliva alpha amylase activity and STAI-T anxiety in unexperienced patients hospitalized for INR procedures.

Aromatherapeutics with Sedative and Anxiolytic Effects: A Review of Clinical Studies Between 2011-2023: A Systematic Review

“…(biberiye), Crocus sativus L. (safran) gibi uçucu yağların, müdahale gruplarında ya da kontrol, plasebo gruplarında kullanılan aromatik yağlar olduğu görülmüştür. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Aromaterapide kullanılan, anksiyolitik etkileri değerlendirilen diğer uçucu yağlarla yapılan çalışmalar Tablo 3'te verilmiştir.…”

Flower Power: An Overview on Chemistry and Biological Impact of Selected Essential Oils from Blossoms

“…There is a limited number of investigations concerning the insecticidal effect of ylang-ylang essential oil [227][228][229]. Applications studied on humans in clinical studies include local application [230], aromatherapy [231], and inhalation [232,233]. It appears that clinical studies mainly focused on the impact of ylangylang essential oils against psychiatric disorders.…”

“…Moreover, there are older studies with a small number of patients included, which indicated that ylang-ylang essential oil could increase calmness, reduce cognitive abilities [234], relax participants, and decrease blood pressure [232,235,236]. It can be concluded from these studies that ylang-ylang essential oil is likely to have pronounced calming and sedative effects [230][231][232]234].…”

“…They are thought to act (among other effects) through the limbic system, where they may enhance the action of GABA in the amygdala [18,118,119]. Damask rose oil, neroli oil, and ylang-ylang oil have also shown anti-anxiety, antidepressant, and anti-stress effects in various clinical studies [137,200,231]. In addition, essential flower oils have proven to be effective supplements in somatic diseases and exceptional situations through aromatherapy [82,85].…”

“…In a randomized controlled trial, ylang-ylang aromatherapy was examined as an anxiety reliever in patients hospitalized for neuroradiological interventions. It reduced trait anxiety and salivary α -amylase activity, which was used as an anxiety biomarker 231 . Moreover, there are older studies with a small number of patients included, which indicated that ylang-ylang essential oil could increase calmness, reduce cognitive abilities 234 , relax participants, and decrease blood pressure 232 , 235 , 236 .…”