Campylobacterspp. isolated from poultry in Iran: Antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes, and molecular mechanisms

Abstract

Campylobacter spp. genera is one of the most common causes of microbial enteritis worldwide. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, virulence genes, and genetic variation of thermophilic Campylobacter species collected from chicken meat samples in Iran. A total of 255 meat specimens were taken and transferred to the laboratory. Culture methods were utilized to identify the Campylobacter genus, and PCR and sequencing were performed to confirm the organisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation was performed using broth microdilution for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)]. By using PCR, AMR and virulence genes were detected. The detection rate of Campylobacter spp. was 64 (25.09%) out of 255 meat samples, with C. jejuni and C. coli accounting for 41 (64.06%) and 14 (21.87%), respectively. Other Campylobacter isolates accounted for 14.06% of the total (nine samples). The antibiotic susceptibility of all Campylobacter isolates was tested using six antibiotics, and all (100%) were resistant to CIP and NAL. However, TET resistance was observed in 93.9% and 83.3% of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. Four (8.2%) C. jejuni isolates were multidrug‐resistant (MDR), while none of the C. coli isolates were MDR. Two of the four MDR isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and ERY, whereas the other two isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and GEN. The values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were as follows: CIP, 64–256 μg/ml; NAL, 128–512 μg/ml; TET, 2–1024 μg/ml; SIT, 0.25–1 μg/ml; ERY, 1–32 μg/ml; and GEN, 1–256 μg/ml. recR , dnaJ , cdtC , cdtB , cdtA , flaA , ciaB , cadF , and pidA were discovered in more than 50% of C. jejuni isolates, although wlaN , virbll , cgtB , and ceuE were found in <50%. flaA , cadF , pidA , and ciaB were discovered in more than 50% of the C. coli samples, whereas recR , cdtC , cdtB , cdtA , and cgtB were found in less than half. For C. coli , the percentages for wlaN , dnaJ , virbll , an...

The occurrence of some foodborne pathogens recovered from poultry meat in Shahrekord, Iran

“…Microaerophilic incubation was done for 24 h at 42°C. Afterward, the enrichment (0.1 ml) was added to Campylobacter selective agar (HiMedia, India), which contained a specific antibiotic (HiMedia, India) and sheep blood (5%) [ 12 ].…”

Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from raw meat of large livestock in Iran

“…The Qiagen QIAamp PowerFecal Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to extract genomic DNA from pure cultures according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then performed using genus-specific primers (C412F and C1228R), C. jejuni cj0414 gene primers (C1 and C3), and C. coli ask gene primers (CC18F and CC519R) (8). The primers were selected for their ability to discriminate between Campylobacter genus and species.…”

“…Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for 90% of campylobacteriosis cases, followed by C. coli, accounting for 5-10% of cases (8). In addition, Campylobacter with antibiotic resistance has been associated with outbreaks throughout the world (9).…”

“…depends on their virulome. Although relatively little is known about the virulence of Campylobacter spp., these microorganisms possess several virulence factors related to motility, adhesion, invasion, toxin activity, immune evasion, and iron uptake, among others (8).…”

Antibiotic resistance mechanism and diagnosis of common foodborne pathogens based on genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers

“…TA B L E 2 Commonly used hydrolases are β-lactamases, esterases (e.g., EreA), and epoxidases(Silva et al, 2019). The latter strategy achieves the group transfer in antibiotics through O-phosphorylation, O-ribosylation, O-and N-acetylation, O-glycosylation, O-nucleotidylation, or O-adenylation (e.g., aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase)(Mousavinafchi et al, 2022). Examples of enzymes for group transfer are acyltransferases, phosphotransferases (e.g., macrolide 2′-phosphotransferase), thioltransferases, nucleotidyltransferases, ADP-ribosyltransferases, and glycosyltransferases.…”