Abstract. Given a group G, we construct, in a canonical way, an inverse semigroup S(G) associated to G. The actions of S(G) are shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with the partial actions of G, both in the case of actions on a set, and that of actions as operators on a Hilbert space. In other words, G and S(G) have the same representation theory.We show that S(G) governs the subsemigroup of all closed linear subspaces of a G-graded C * -algebra, generated by the grading subspaces. In the special case of finite groups, the maximum number of such subspaces is computed.A "partial" version of the group C * -algebra of a discrete group is introduced. While the usual group C * -algebra of finite commutative groups forgets everything but the order of the group, we show that the partial group C * -algebra of the two commutative groups of order four, namely Z/4Z and Z/2Z ⊕ Z/2Z, are not isomorphic.