<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Isolates in 2 Pet Iguanas, California, USA

Zehnder, Ashley; Hawkins, Michelle G.; Koski, Marilyn A.; Lifland, Barry; Byrne, Barbara A.; Swanson, Alexandra A.; Rood, Michael P.; Gee, Jay E.; Elrod, Mindy G.; Beesley, Cari A.; Blaney, David D.; Ventura, Jean; Hoffmaster, Alex R.; Beeler, Emily

doi:10.3201/eid2002.131314

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two isolates from pet iguanas ( Iguana iguana ) in California, USA (CA2007 and CA2013a) also clustered together ( 31 ). Three SNPs differentiate CA2007 from CA2013a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Western Hemisphere

Gee¹,

Gulvik²,

Elrod³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is mainly associated with tropical areas. We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among genome sequences from isolates of B. pseudomallei that originated in the Western Hemisphere by comparing them with genome sequences of isolates that originated in the Eastern Hemisphere. Analysis indicated that isolates from the Western Hemisphere form a distinct clade, which supports the hypothesis that these isolates were derived from a constricted seeding event from Africa. Subclades have been resolved that are associated with specific regions within the Western Hemisphere and suggest that isolates might be correlated geographically with cases of melioidosis. One isolate associated with a former World War II prisoner of war was believed to represent illness 62 years after exposure in Southeast Asia. However, analysis suggested the isolate originated in Central or South America.

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“…Two isolates from pet iguanas ( Iguana iguana ) in California, USA (CA2007 and CA2013a) also clustered together ( 31 ). Three SNPs differentiate CA2007 from CA2013a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Western Hemisphere

Gee¹,

Gulvik²,

Elrod³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…76 in the online Supplemental Appendix 1; CDC, unpublished data), as melioidosis has been reported in iguanas sold in the United States. 33 An African-American infant diagnosed soon after birth likely acquired the infection in utero. The infant's father was a Vietnam veteran with unknown disease status.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Melioidosis Cases in the Americas

Benoit¹,

Blaney²,

Doker³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus. Cases occur sporadically in the Americas with an increasing number of cases observed among people with no travel history to endemic countries. To better understand the incidence of the disease in the Americas, we reviewed the literature, including unpublished cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of 120 identified human cases, occurring between 1947 and June 2015, 95 cases (79%) were likely acquired in the Americas; the mortality rate was 39%. Burkholderia pseudomallei appears to be widespread in South, Central, and North America.

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“…Cattle, swine, dogs and cats are considered to have low susceptibility (Sprague & Neubauer, ). Cases of melioidosis have been seen in iguanas and non‐human primates (Johnson et al., ; Zehnder et al., ). Imported canine culture‐positive melioidosis has not been described in the United States.…”

Section: Burkholderia Pseudomalleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health response to an imported case of canine melioidosis

Ryan

Bishop

Blaney

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Melioidosis in humans presents variably as fulminant sepsis, pneumonia, skin infection and solid organ abscesses. It is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, which in the United States is classified as a select agent, with "potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health, to plant health or to animal and plant products" (Federal Select Agent Program, http://www.selectagents.gov/, accessed 22 September 2016). Burkholderia pseudomallei is found in soil and surface water in the tropics, especially South-East Asia and northern Australia, where melioidosis is endemic. Human cases are rare in the United States and are usually associated with travel to endemic areas. Burkholderia pseudomallei can also infect animals. We describe a multijurisdictional public health response to a case of subclinical urinary B. pseudomallei infection in a dog that had been adopted into upstate New York from a shelter in Thailand. Investigation disclosed three human contacts with single, low-risk exposures to the dog's urine at his residence, and 16 human contacts with possible exposure to his urine or culture isolates at a veterinary hospital. Contacts were offered various combinations of symptom/fever monitoring, baseline and repeat B. pseudomallei serologic testing, and antibiotic post-exposure prophylaxis, depending on the nature of their exposure and their personal medical histories. The dog's owner accepted recommendations from public health authorities and veterinary clinicians for humane euthanasia. A number of animal rescue organizations actively facilitate adoptions into the United States of shelter dogs from South-East Asia. This may result in importation of B. pseudomallei into almost any community, with implications for human and animal health.

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Burkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates in 2 Pet Iguanas, California, USA

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Phylogeography ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Western Hemisphere

Phylogeography ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Western Hemisphere

A Review of Melioidosis Cases in the Americas

Public health response to an imported case of canine melioidosis

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