Burkholderia

Abstract

Burk.hol.de' ri.a . M.L. fem. n. Burkholderia named after W.H. Burkholder, American bacteriologist who discovered the etiological agent of onion rot. Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Burkholderiaceae / Burkholderia Cells single or in pairs, straight or curved rods , but not helical. Dimensions, generally 0.5–1 × 1.5–4 µm. Motile by means of one or, more commonly, several polar flagella . One species ( Burkholderia mallei ) lacks flagella and is nonmotile. Do not produce sheaths or prosthecae. No resting stages are known. Gram negative. Most species accumulate poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as carbon reserve material . Chemoorganotrophs. Have a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor . Some species can exhibit anaerobic respiration with nitrate. Strains of some of the species ( B. cepacia , B. vietnamiensis ) are able to fix N 2 . Catalase positive. A wide variety of organic compounds can be used as sources of carbon and energy for growth. Although hydroxylated fatty acids are present in the lipids of members of other genera of aerobic pseudomonads, species of Burkholderia are characterized by the presence of hydroxy fatty acids of 14, 16, and 18 carbon atoms (C 14:0 3OH and C 16:0 , and C 16:0 2OH , C 16:1 , and C 18:1 ) . The most characteristic of these acids is the C 16:0 3OH . Two different ornithine lipids are present in strains of some of the species. Over one‐half of the species are pathogenic for plants or animals (including humans) . The genus belongs to the ribosomal RNA similarity group II, which can be differentiated from other groups of aerobic pseudomonads by rRNA/DNA hybridization experiments or by rDNA sequencing. The mol% G + C of the DNA is : 59–69.6. Type species : Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi, Kosako, Oyaizu, Yano, Hotta, Hashimoto, Ezaki and Arakawa 1993, 398 (Effective publication: Yabuuchi, Kosako, Oyaizu, Yano, Hotta, Hashimoto, Ezaki and Arakawa 1992, 1271) ( Pseudomonas cepacia Palleroni and Holmes 1981, 479.)

Identification of microbial populations driving biopolymer degradation in acidic peatlands by metatranscriptomic analysis

“…). It is, however, also possible that Burkholderia developed in chitin‐amended peat samples using chitin degradation products released by other community members, given that nearly all members of this genus use N‐acetylglucosamine as a carbon source (Palleroni ). Interestingly, amendment with xylan promoted growth of the uncultivated proteobacterial group TA18 ( P < 0.001, Fig.…”

Pseudomonas kirkiae sp. nov., a novel species isolated from oak in the United Kingdom, and phylogenetic considerations of the genera Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Azomonas

“…The strains tested are tolerant to media supplemented with 0.5–3.0 % NaCl, but FRB 229 T can grow at a NaCl concentration of 3.5 %. All strains form colonies in the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0 ( Pseudomonas do not typically grow under acidic conditions [39]).…”

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Defensome-Related Metabolic Reprogramming in Sorghum bicolor against Infection by Burkholderia andropogonis

“…Bacterial leaf stripe disease is one of the three major sorghum bacterial infections considered economically important [1]. The causal agent of the disease is the bacterial pathogen, Burkholderia andropogonis, a Gram-negative, motile, aerobic soil bacterium [2,3]. B. andropogonis has a diverse and extensive geographical dispersion as well as host range [4].…”

“…Present strategies to aid plants to adapt and defend against such bacterial infection have become alarmingly less effective and some are environmentally unfriendly [5]; hence, new approaches are urgently needed to address important global concerns such as boosting agricultural productivity and sustainable food security [6]. However, to make informed practical decisions on the best tactics in this regard, it is imperative to understand the molecular details of this specific plant‒pathogen interaction at a biochemical level [3,4]. Hence, unravelling the intricacies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the sorghum defensive responses to B. andropogonis infection could provide descriptive insights that can be explored for development of improved sorghum cultivars.…”