<i>Bt</i> rice in China — focusing the nontarget risk assessment

Li, Yunhe; Zhang, Qingling; Liu, Qingsong; Meissle, Michael; Yang, Yan; Wang, Yanan; Hua, Hongxia; Chen, Xiuping; Peng, Yufa; Romeis, Jörg

doi:10.1111/pbi.12720

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Because of the ecological importance as a natural enemy and its availability and amenability for laboratory studies, P. japonica has been selected as representative species to support the risk assessment of IRGE crops [33]. Our previous study indicated that P. japonica larvae are not sensitive to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F proteins [31], which are produced in different Bt -transgenic crops, including maize, cotton, and rice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Liu

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are prevalent predators and pollen feeders in East Asian maize fields. They are therefore indirectly (via prey) and directly (via pollen) exposed to Cry proteins within Bt-transgenic maize fields. The effects of Cry1Ie-producing transgenic maize pollen on the fitness of P. japonica was assessed using two dietary-exposure experiments in the laboratory. In the first experiment, survival, larval developmental time, adult fresh weight, and fecundity did not differ between ladybirds consuming Bt or non-Bt maize pollen. In the second experiment, none of the tested lethal and sublethal parameters of P. japonica were negatively affected when fed a rapeseed pollen-based diet containing Cry1Ie protein at 200 μg/g dry weight of diet. In contrast, the larval developmental time, adult fresh weight, and fecundity of P. japonica were significantly adversely affected when fed diet containing the positive control compound E-64. In both experiments, the bioactivity of the Cry1Ie protein in the food sources was confirmed by bioassays with a Cry1Ie-sensitive lepidopteran species. These results indicated that P. japonica are not affected by the consumption of Cry1Ie-expressing maize pollen and are not sensitive to the Cry1Ie protein, suggesting that the growing of Bt maize expressing Cry1Ie protein will pose a negligible risk to P. japonica.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Liu

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…As a result, ladybird beetles may be exposed to molecules produced by GE plants directly via consumption of pollen or indirectly via consumption of herbivores, which feed on the plant. That ladybird beetles ingest insecticidal compounds produced in GE plants has been documented in several field studies with Bt ‐transgenic crops . In the case of GE maize plants producing dsRNA targeting D. v. virgifera , ladybird beetles are particularly suitable test species to inform the non‐target risk assessment because they belong to the same insect order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That ladybird beetles ingest insecticidal compounds produced in GE plants has been documented in several field studies with Bt-transgenic crops. [44][45][46][47][48] In the case of GE maize plants producing dsRNA targeting D. v. virgifera, ladybird beetles are particularly suitable test species to inform the non-target risk assessment because they belong to the same insect order. Furthermore, Coleoptera in general show a significantly greater sensitivity to dietary dsRNA than other insect orders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of two ladybird beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to dietary RNAi

Haller

Widmer

Siegfried

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND One concern with the adoption of RNAi‐based genetically engineered (GE) crops is the potential harm to valued non‐target organisms. Species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) are important natural enemies and might be exposed to the insecticidal dsRNA produced by the plant. To assess their susceptibility to dietary RNAi, we fed Adalia bipunctata and Coccinella septempunctata with a dsRNA designed to target the vATPase A of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Dvv dsRNA). Specific dsRNAs designed to target the vATPase A of the two ladybird beetle species served as positive controls. RESULTS Our results revealed that both species were sensitive to dietary RNAi when ingesting their own dsRNAs, with C. septempunctata being more sensitive than A. bipunctata. Dvv dsRNA also adversely affected the two ladybird beetles as indicated by a significantly (but marginally) prolonged developmental time for A. bipunctata and a significantly reduced survival rate for C. septempunctata. These results, however, were obtained at Dvv dsRNA concentrations that were orders of magnitude higher than expected to occur in the field. Gene expression analyses confirmed the bioactivity of the dsRNA treatments and the results from the feeding bioassays. These results are consistent with the bioinformatics analyses, which revealed a higher number of 21‐nucleotide‐long matches, a requirement for effective RNAi, of the Dvv dsRNA with the vATPase A of C. septempunctata (34 matches) than with that of A. bipunctata (six matches). CONCLUSION Feeding bioassays revealed that two ladybird species are responsive to dietary RNAi. The two species, however, differed in their sensitivity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are important NTAs: they are abundant predatory species in many agroecosystems [3,4], are valued for their biological pest control functions [5] and have been recommended as surrogate species for studies to support the ERA of Bt crops [6][7][8]. Most ladybirds feed preferably on aphids, which do not ingest significant amounts of Bt proteins [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) affected by Bt proteins expressed in genetically modified insect-resistant crops? A systematic review protocol

et al. 2019

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Background: Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are abundant predatory species in many agroecosystems, are valued for their biological pest control functions, and have been recommended as test species for studies supporting the assessment of non-target effects of insect-resistant Bt crops. Although insecticidal Bt proteins are known to be highly specific against target pests, some recent laboratory studies reported putative toxic effects of Bt proteins on ladybird species. While such studies have been criticised because of methodological shortcomings or inconsistencies, they cast doubt on the insecticidal spectrum of activity of some Bt proteins. Performing a systematic review that synthesises all existing evidence on this controversial topic may help to resolve the remaining scientific uncertainties. The review question to be addressed by the systematic review is the following: Are ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) affected by Bt proteins expressed in genetically modified insect-resistant crops? The systematic review will focus on studies performed under controlled environmental conditions. Methods: An extensive literature search will be conducted to identify the articles relevant to the review question. A wide range of electronic bibliographic databases, the internet search engine Google Scholar, and websites of specialized organizations will be searched. Citation searching, reference list-checking and searching of key journals will also be performed. The relevance of the identified articles will be assessed against a set of pre-defined eligibility criteria, following a two-step approach. In the first step, title and abstract (or summary) will be screened, whilst in the second step the full text of all remaining articles will be assessed by two members of the review team. All relevant studies will be subjected to an appraisal of external (generalisability) and internal (risk of bias) validity. Data from the selected studies will be extracted and synthesised in a narrative report. If a sufficient number of datasets generated with comparable experimental setup is available, statistical meta-analyses will be conducted on a range of comparisons and including sensitivity analyses.

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Bt rice in China — focusing the nontarget risk assessment

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Responses of two ladybird beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to dietary RNAi

Are ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) affected by Bt proteins expressed in genetically modified insect-resistant crops? A systematic review protocol

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